Celies Life and Hard Times. :: English Literature

Celies Life and Hard Times.Alice Walker vividly portrays the sad yet apparent reality of life inthe black rural communities of America during the mid-twentiethcentury. It is a time when the impacts of slavery are still prevalent.The relationships within families - as reflected in the novel - alsofeel this impact. In search of a means to overcome their inferiorityin a society dominated by whites, workforce usually have their womenfolkprovide them with the feeling of importance that they desire (such asthe practice of addressing their husbands as Mr.______). This attitudetowards women is made obvious on the very scratch line page, depictingCelies perception of her stepfather, He never had a kine word to sayto me. Just say You gonna do what your mammy wouldnt (1).As Celies life progresses, having give birth to two children - bothof whom were taken away by her father - she is wed to Mr.______unceremoniously. Pa, one the basis that she was too young, rejectedthe request for Netties ha nd in marriage to Mr.______. Instead heoffers Celie, claiming she was the more viable candidate on thefollowing groundsShe ugly. He say. But she aint no stranger to hard work. And sheclean. And beau ideal fixed her. You can do everything just like you want toand she aint gonna make you feed it or clothe it. (9)Beginning from that day on Celies life took an ever-downward aslantturn. She endures seeing Olivia with a new mother, the animosity ofHarpo, taking care of Mr. ______s children, and his abuse. Herrelationship with Mr.______ is such that it could hardly be called amarriage. She was to do just as he said, without so much as uttering aword of disagreement. She no longer possesses a zeal for life Mylife stop when I left office . . . (85). Each day is just another choreDuring this time Nettie had also experiences some trouble at spot withPa. After she realizes that to remain at home any longer would be acompromise to her safety she runs away to Mr.______s home. There sheis welc ome since Mr.______ still thinks Nettie to be very attractive -but for a while only - as Nettie does not give in to his demands.When Mr.______ drives Nettie away, Celie experiences a loss soprofound that it would take many years to undo the injury done. Upuntil that stage in Celies life none had ever expressed any concernover herself. It was Nettie who ensured that Celie was literate, thatCelie received an education, that Celie was not pushed around by

Calories Burned, Dollars Earned, Lessons Learned :: Personal Narrative Writing

Calories Burned, Dollars Earned, Lessons Learned Ben, Im going to be frank with you. Youre not the strongest grind to a haltboy Ive ever had. In fact, youre about the weakest. And thus my boss concisely summarized the last month of my work as his laborer. A grind to a haltboy, by definition, is a masons bitch, whose sole purpose during the workday is to provide the masons with a constant flow of bricks and mud so they can build without slowing down. This poses a challenging task for a young, fairly weak 17 year old who must constantly (for a nine-hour day with one 15-minute break) mix mud to the right consistency, wheelbarrow the mixture over to the ladder, haul it up to the second story in buckets, heave the mud into mudpans, scale down the ladder, grab a tong of bricks (a metal clamp that holds about 11 bricks), run up and down the ladder several more times to refill the brick supply, only to climb back down to make some more mud because the mudpans be about empty. While I was doing all of this running and hauling each weekday during the August of 1999, my boss Richard and his brother Phil loudly and eagerly spewed their wisdom upon me. Their continuous explicit insight included explanations of how evil Democrats are, how I should base my future career on money instead of personal interest, how great their last mudboy was, how I should eulogy U.S. foreign policy, and why I should never ever become a mason. After waking up at five each morning and driving to my job site in the next county, my first priority as a mudboy was making mud. I broke the bag of mortar mix and inhaled the bite scent of brick mortar as the acidic powder flew into my nostrils. Nine shovelfuls of sand, five gallons of water, and one fifty-pound bag of mortar mix later, I had the days initial batch of mud brewing in the large steel mixer. Making my very first mud mixture on the first day of work was not a pleasant experience since, as a nave, amateur mudboy, I had not p ut on good gloves that morning. This foolish decision brought me the unique, intense pain sensation created when masonry mud is combined with brick scuffs and scratches. I distinctly remember the raw burning sensation of rough Tudor bricks scraping against fingertips that had already lost sections of skin because the chemical-filled mud had burned through the upper layers of the epidermis.

The Eyes of the Dragon Essays -- essays research papers

A kingdom is in turmoil as the old fagot Roland dies and its worthy successor, Prince Peter, must do battle to championship what is rightly his. Plotting against him is the evil Flagg and his pawn, young Prince Thomas. Yet with every plan there are holes like Thomass terrible secret. And the determined Prince Peter, who is planning a daring escape from his imprisonment (very first page)The sequence of events that occur in the plot go like this Two sons are born from Queen Sasha and King Roland, Prince Peter then Prince Thomas. Fearing that the Queen Sasha would ruin his plans, Flagg, the several hundred historic period old magician and royal advisor succeeded in deposing of her when Peter is only five. cardinal years later, after Peter served the King his nightly glass of vine, Flagg came in and killed Roland by offering him a second glass of wine that was poison. Peter was appoint guilty of the murder, as Flagg had planned, and was sentenced to life imprisonment atop a tower called the Needle by Anders Peyna, the Judge-General. Peter would spend a good five years in the Needle until he decides to make a successful escape, only to encounter Flagg for a final confrontation.Thomas, one of the main characters, is a particularly raise character for several reasons. First the narrator, portrayed as a storyteller, describes Thomas as the weak, vulnerable, sad, confused, lonely younger brother of Prince Peter, who was the heir of...

Understanding Tay-Sachs Disease Essay -- Human Diseases, Genetic Diso

IntroductionWhen presented with this assignment, Tay-Sachs complaint was one of the first choices that came to mind since it is one of many diseases associated with Ashkenazi Jews (Jews of Eastern European descent). Tay-Sachs is a deadly heritable disease caused by the absence or mutation of Hex- A, an enzyme that breaks down complex fats called gangliosides found in nervous tissue. Without Hex- A, in that respect is a buildup of gangliosides in the cells of the brain, causing major damage to the cells (Learning About Tay-Sachs Disease). Tay-Sachs is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder, which means that both(prenominal) parents must be a carrier of the diseased allelomorph for the children to be at risk. The interesting thing about autosomal recessive disease allele is that they are hidden by the functionally normal allele and therefore can remain hidden for generations. Only when the couple has the same recessive disease allele there is a twenty-five percent chance that the disorder will appear in the child (Teichler-Zallen 162-163). Though there are terzetto existing forms of Tay-Sachs disease (Classic (Infantile), Juvenile, and Late Onset Tay-Sachs), this paper will focus on the most common form, Classic (Infantile) Tay-Sachs. General symptoms for all deuce-ace forms include loss of motor skills, muscular weakness, and respiratory decline (Tay-Sachs Disease). This paper will give the reader insight into the history as easy as a more detailed description of the symptoms, diagnosis, and prevalence of the disease.HistoryIn the early 1880s, three partially blind infants were brought to a clinic in capital of the United Kingdom supervised by an ophthalmologist named Warren Tay. All three infants had the same symptoms they were unable to turn over or sit up and they were unab... ...e.gov/10001220. Goldberg, Carey. First adult male Gene Therapy Trial Planned For Deadly Tay-Sachs Disease CommonHealth. CommonHealth Reform And Reality. 11 Nov. 2011. Web . 21 Nov. 2011. . Tay-Sachs Disease CCJGD. Chicago Center for Jewish contagious Disorders CCJGD. Web. 16 Nov. 2011. . Tay-Sachs Disease. NTSAD. National Tay-Sachs & Allied Diseases. Web. 16 Nov. 2011. . Teichler-Zallen, Doris. To Test or Not to Test a Guide to Genetic Screening and Risk. recent Brunswick, NJ Rutgers UP, 2008. 162-63. Print. WHO Genes and Human Disease. Genomic Resource Centre. World Health Organization. Web. 16 Nov. 2011. .

Osmosis :: essays research papers

These results show that a potato chip located in water system leave behind draw in length, a weak peag resolving power onlyow for lose length and a strong refined sugar solution will lose length also. The results from this test will allow me to submit an appropriate range of moralities in order to find out what the concentration is interior the cell vacuole. I am going to investigate 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 molar sugar solutions. I form chosen these concentrations to try and accurately find when there is no net movement of water, hence the concentration of the cell vacuole. From previous mold done on osmosis, I predict that molarity and average change in mass/ length will be indirectly proportional. I approximate there will be a negative correlation between the two. I think that there will be both loss and gain in mass discovered. I think the graph will look manage this 89/5489/15489/image005.jpg" align="left" hspace="12">but there will be no plasmolysed on my graph, as I do no foreknow my measurements to go that far. I hope to be able to identify the vertex when there is no net movement of water. Analysis of Results The Consequences of Osmosisin plant cells whole kit cells of all time have a strong cell wall surrounding them. When the transfer up water by osmosis they start to swell, but the cell wall prevents them from bursting. Plant cells become "turgid" when they are put in dilute solutions. turgid means swollen and hard. The shove inside the cell rises, eventually the internal pressure of the cell is so high that no more water evoke enter the cell ......The type of potatoes themselves will have to be kept the aforesaid(prenominal) all the way through the experiment. This is because each potato may have a different membrane and a different amount of pores. Also the water content in each potato could vary. This can be explained by saying that the potatoes in the middle of the sack will have a highe r(prenominal) water content, because it is more humid in the middle of the sack which is black eye to the potatoes on the outside of the sack. To get rid off this unfairness, I will pre-treat all the potatoes that I will use in my experiment. This means that I will keep all my potato cylinders in the same environment over shadow in a beaker full of sucrose solution. When plant cells (potatoes) are placed in concentrated sugar solutions they lose water by osmosis and they become "flacc .Osmosis essays research papers These results show that a potato chip placed in water will gain in length, a weak sugar solution will lose length and a strong sugar solution will lose length also. The results from this test will allow me to choose an appropriate range of moralities in order to find out what the concentration is inside the cell vacuole. I am going to investigate 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 molar sugar solutions. I have chosen these concentrations to try and accurately find when there is no net movement of water, hence the concentration of the cell vacuole. From previous work done on osmosis, I predict that molarity and average change in mass/ length will be indirectly proportional. I think there will be a negative correlation between the two. I think that there will be both loss and gain in mass discovered. I think the graph will look like this 89/5489/15489/image005.jpg" align="left" hspace="12">but there will be no plasmolysed on my graph, as I do no expect my measurements to go that far. I hope to be able to identify the point when there is no net movement of water. Analysis of Results The Consequences of Osmosisin plant cells Plant cells always have a strong cell wall surrounding them. When the take up water by osmosis they start to swell, but the cell wall prevents them from bursting. Plant cells become "turgid" when they are put in dilute solutions. Turgid means swollen and hard. The pressure inside the cell rises, eventually the internal pressure of the cell is so high that no more water can enter the cell ......The type of potatoes themselves will have to be kept the same all the way through the experiment. This is because each potato may have a different membrane and a different amount of pores. Also the water content in each potato could vary. This can be explained by saying that the potatoes in the middle of the sack will have a higher water content, because it is more humid in the middle of the sack which is opposite to the potatoes on the outside of the sack. To get rid off this unfairness, I will pre-treat all the potatoes that I will use in my experiment. This means that I will keep all my potato cylinders in the same environment over night in a beaker full of sucrose solution. When plant cells (potatoes) are placed in concentrated sugar solutions they lose water by osmosis and they become "flacc .

Osmosis :: essays research papers

These results show that a potato chip located in water go forthing build in length, a weak chicken feed root word will lose length and a strong cabbage solution will lose length also. The results from this test will altogetherow me to exact an appropriate range of moralities in order to find out what the concentration is indoors the cell vacuole. I am going to investigate 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 molar sugar solutions. I let chosen these concentrations to try and accurately find when there is no net movement of water, hence the concentration of the cell vacuole. From previous figure done on osmosis, I predict that molarity and average change in mass/ length will be indirectly proportional. I withdraw there will be a negative correlation between the two. I think that there will be both loss and gain in mass discovered. I think the graph will look exchangeable this 89/5489/15489/image005.jpg" align="left" hspace="12">but there will be no pla smolysed on my graph, as I do no hold my measurements to go that far. I hope to be able to identify the head teacher when there is no net movement of water. Analysis of Results The Consequences of Osmosisin plant cells determine cells invariably have a strong cell wall surrounding them. When the latch on up water by osmosis they start to swell, but the cell wall prevents them from bursting. Plant cells become "turgid" when they are put in dilute solutions. pear-shaped means swollen and hard. The wedge inside the cell rises, eventually the internal pressure of the cell is so high that no more water passel enter the cell ......The type of potatoes themselves will have to be kept the homogeneous all the way through the experiment. This is because each potato may have a different membrane and a different amount of pores. Also the water content in each potato could vary. This can be explained by saying that the potatoes in the middle of the sack will have a high water co ntent, because it is more humid in the middle of the sack which is contrary to the potatoes on the outside of the sack. To get rid off this unfairness, I will pre-treat all the potatoes that I will use in my experiment. This means that I will keep all my potato cylinders in the same environment over wickedness in a beaker full of sucrose solution. When plant cells (potatoes) are placed in concentrated sugar solutions they lose water by osmosis and they become "flacc .Osmosis essays research papers These results show that a potato chip placed in water will gain in length, a weak sugar solution will lose length and a strong sugar solution will lose length also. The results from this test will allow me to choose an appropriate range of moralities in order to find out what the concentration is inside the cell vacuole. I am going to investigate 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 molar sugar solutions. I have chosen these concentrations to try and accurately find when there is no net movement of water, hence the concentration of the cell vacuole. From previous work done on osmosis, I predict that molarity and average change in mass/ length will be indirectly proportional. I think there will be a negative correlation between the two. I think that there will be both loss and gain in mass discovered. I think the graph will look like this 89/5489/15489/image005.jpg" align="left" hspace="12">but there will be no plasmolysed on my graph, as I do no expect my measurements to go that far. I hope to be able to identify the point when there is no net movement of water. Analysis of Results The Consequences of Osmosisin plant cells Plant cells always have a strong cell wall surrounding them. When the take up water by osmosis they start to swell, but the cell wall prevents them from bursting. Plant cells become "turgid" when they are put in dilute solutions. Turgid means swollen and hard. The pressure inside the cell rises, eventually the inter nal pressure of the cell is so high that no more water can enter the cell ......The type of potatoes themselves will have to be kept the same all the way through the experiment. This is because each potato may have a different membrane and a different amount of pores. Also the water content in each potato could vary. This can be explained by saying that the potatoes in the middle of the sack will have a higher water content, because it is more humid in the middle of the sack which is opposite to the potatoes on the outside of the sack. To get rid off this unfairness, I will pre-treat all the potatoes that I will use in my experiment. This means that I will keep all my potato cylinders in the same environment over night in a beaker full of sucrose solution. When plant cells (potatoes) are placed in concentrated sugar solutions they lose water by osmosis and they become "flacc .

Challenges Facing the Graduate Student Essay

The many ch everyenges that face the potential refine students may inhibit them from taking that first step to enrolling in graduate give instruction. This paper impart direction on personal challenges for this author and strategies she will use to overcome them. Some challenges for this writer are working full-time, being financially responsible for others while maintaining a mortgage and family responsibilities. Time management and a novice regarding some ready reckoner programs also provide other challenges. Many obstacles have to be conquered in an exploit to ensure success.Hardin (2008) contends these barriers oftentimes put her at a greater risk for being unsuccessful. The purpose for this writer entering graduate study is the hope of expanding her life history opportunities to include teaching at the undergraduate level. Her motivation to regress to shallow was two-fold. A divorce and a lengthy recovery following a work-related daub within a year inspired thoughts o f approach the future being financially independent and wondering if the recovery would be without limitations to allow a return to bedside nursing.These life changes prompted soul searching and re-motivated this writer to pursue a graduate degree, a goal that had been set several years prior. As a graduate student this writer faces the challenges encompassed with being an adult. Over the past 30 years, in that location has been an escalation of students, primarily women, entering graduate study. According to Hardin (2008) the motivation for many women to return to school is usually centered on a major life change. These women usually return to college in an effort to bide their families.Balancing commitments, such as work, life, school and other responsibilities create a stressor to the student and pose even more challenges. As the sole provider for two children and responsible for other financial be that entail, this writer works full-time on the nightshift. Traditionally comp ensation on nightshift is more than traditional work schedules. Although financially this helps alleviate one stress for this writer, some other stress is created, lack of sleep. Sleep deprivation, fatigue and sleepiness negatively affect function that often results in decreased productivity (Mulgrew, 2007).This writer believes working nightshift and facing the sleeping challenge poses a potential barrier to success. Based on 2004 statistics, approximately 15% of Americans work nontraditional work schedules (Chung, Wolf, Shapiro, 2009). Adan and Natale (2002) also found that the kinship between gender and shift work support the thought women are more morning types, preferring to retire to sleep earlier and rise sooner, which results in optimum mental performance. This writer believes this to be true of her.In an effort to meet the challenge of time management, she will keep an accurate calendar and prioritize all appointments, work schedule, and other commitments. Blocking out hou rs of the day to focus on schoolwork as well as ensuring enough sleep while move personal goals such as exercise should encourage quality work. Procrastination is times enemy. A few minutes of effective planning will save time in the end. This involves a continual assessment and reassessment of priorities and activities (Spidal, 2009). Financial stressors also affect the graduate student.Hardin (2008) found lack of financial support may actually prevent an adult from enrolling in graduate school. The adult student often differs from the traditional student as her financial needs often include a mortgage and childcare. Working nightshift helps alleviate the financial deficit for this writer as nightshift pays a differential. Many nurses, including myself, will work extra shifts to starting signal the financial burden. Attending classes may inhibit the overtime opportunity, therefore smaller paychecks add to the existing financial load.A graduate student has to weigh the benefits of an training when after graduation her financial debt will increase (Morgenthaler, 2009). In an effort to minimize the loan numerate, this writer researched loans and scholarships. She consulted her employer and found there were a few scholarships available in addition to education reimbursement. The scholarship amounts are monetarily limited. Some also require a commitment to continuing employment for a set bet of years per scholarship. Despite these caveats, any amount of money is helpful to decrease the debt as well as ensuring longer employment.Another challenge facing this writer is she has never used PowerPoint in any arena. This may lead to a feeling of inadequacy. To neutralize this deficit she will ensure access to the latest computer programs for her papers, research, or presentation. Ultimately the amount of effort put forth by this writer to achieve desired educational results will depend on her boilers suit motivation and dedication to her goal. Hardin (2008) has f ound that most graduate students are not prepared academically.This is associated to being away from the academic setting for a prolonged amount of time. Technological skills may be outdated or she may not understand the new computer programs. Conducting research and writing papers at a professional level may also be intimidating to the graduate student (Morgenthaler, 2009). Many challenges face this nontraditional graduate student as she returns to school. Although there are significant obstacles, this writer is optimistic about overcoming these obstacles by using the aforementioned strategies as she successfully completes graduate school.

Market Segments Essay

orchard apple tree is merchandiseing to pack who down a few characteristics.1) Middle/Upper income folks who argon willing to pay a bit more for a better user experience. paying 500 more for a computer is not a huge deal if you have a decent income.2) People who like to have fun with technology. No other platform offers as many initiation level tools (the whole iLife bunch and more). This includes people who like to shoot a lot of digital photos or video. Its the whole digital hub concept. People argon starting to buy into it.3) Music enthusiasts and fans ages 12-35.4) Professionals in media and design.The first two groups do overlap, but its a huge market. Way bigger than 5% or whatever. Apples problem is not really pricing. These argon the same people who pay $500 to get seats that warm up your behind. Apples problem is the status quo. People who should consider macs dont, because of a stigma of incompatibility that developed in the 90s.Apples market share and success will grow in the next ten years for the simple reason that our generations X and Y who have been exposed to a great extent to the internet werent using computers much during the compatibility days But anyway, the compatibility problem dies when the people who believe in it are not young anymore.Market sectionalisationThe market divideation includesDemographical bases.Geographical bases.Behavior bases.Psychographic bases.2.1 Demographical bases (age, family size, life cycle, occupation) Looking into Apple, the Demographical market segment is successful because they are developing products on the age, life cycle, occupation of the people. They are distributing their products into various places and the PCs are categorized on age, family size, for example they would have more games and entertainment in the PCs for the kids and a professional PC with all the latest bundles. 2.2 Geographical bases (states, regions, countries)Looking into the geographical bases of Apple they have established t heir business all over the world like U.S., South America, Europe, Japan, and Australia. Recently Apple chose to machine a vertical growth strategy and began expanding their own retail stores. The company also sells its product via third-parties dealers, or via internet by their own website or through the iTunes online music stores.2.3 Behavior bases (product knowledge, usage, attitudes, and responses) In this market segment Apple providing heavy product knowledge to the customers by advertizing on search engines, T.V. as they have a in truth good brand image. Using this brand image they are continuously coming up with new ideas and products and attracting the customers. Apple has got a very good response rate as many of the customers are looking for new designs and innovative products which Apple is successfully delivering. 2.4 Psychographic bases (lifestyle, values, personality)Looking into Apple the psychographic market segment is successful because they are developing product s on the lifestyle of the people such as Mac book for the younger generation. Apple having a very good brand image has very good value for its products as they are different and innovative. Looking into the personality (style) sector Apple is providing their products with different colors for the people who like fancy colors.

The Italian Unification: Mazzini, Cavour and Garibaldi

Evaluate the relative importance of Mazzini, Cavour, and Garibaldi for the Italian Unification between 1848 and 1871 In order to achieve the unification the Italians had to go through a long struggle starting from 1830 and ending in 1871. Thanks to the leading of Mazzini, Cavour and Garibaldi, the Mediterranean peninsula was able to defeat its foreign enemies, especially the Austrian Empire, and pee a united nation under the King of Piedmont, Viktor Emmanuel II.Although Mazzini was the starter of nationalism movements and aroused the spirits of many Italians, Cavour and Garibaldi were the two leaders who were able, both in their own way, to create a consolidated farming. Giuseppe Mazzini was an Italian journalist and idealist that at the beginning of the 1830s was able to stimulate the people of the Italian peninsula to fight for freedom from Austria and for a cosmea of a nation. In his first years of revolutionary movements in the 1830s he was exiled from Italy, and moved to Swit zerland to create a new movement, the Young Italy.This movement was different from the author Carbonari, that were less prepared and more violent, and it was make up by the middle class and as well as the working class and the peasants. Mazzini didnt desire that Italy could be unified under a king, and thought that the best way of government was a republic, especially after the king Charles Albert refused his proposal to be at the head of the Unified Nation. Even though Mazzinis supporters were defeated during a revolt in Piedmont, he was able to create an organize movement that had a great influence on the Italian Unification.Later in his life, Mazzini worked cooperating with Garibaldi, and together with him they made a lot of progress in the process of achieving their goal. Count Camillo Benso di Cavour was the diplomatic and semipolitical leader of the Italian Unification. Cavour was the mind and the brain of the Italian Unification, who created the political strategies to def eat Austria. He was a noble man but had liberals ideas, and wanted to unite the country under the Kingdom of Piedmont, working with Viktor Emmanuel II.He was elected first in the Parliament under the rule of Charles Albert, and when he abdicated in favor of his son Viktor Emmanuel II, he was made Minister of Commerce and Agriculture in 1850, Minister of the Navy and Finance in 1851 and Prime Minister in 1852. Mazzini could be compared to Bismark, Prussias chancellor, because not tho were they both very strategic and intelligent, but even because he modernized the Kingdom of Piedmont like Bismark had done in the German territories. With his domestic polices he created new banks, that made loans to middle class men to open businesses, that gave jobs to the working classes.The banks also made loans to businesses that wanted to create railroads so that Italy was modernized like the disembodied spiritsease of Europe. He thus facilitated the trading to gain industrial goods from Engla nd and strengthen the army of Piedmont, in order to prepare it for war. Cavour used once again his diplomatic skills when he unflinching to support France and England in the Crimean War in 1854, where his troops won many battles. He then secretly met with Napoleon III in Plombieres, and sign-language(a) a compact in which the French Emperor promised to support Italy in a war against Austria in exchange of the territories of Nice and Savoy.When the war broke divulge in 1859 though, Napoleon III, unexpectedly resigned and withdrew his troops, signing a peace contract in Villafranca with the Austrians. With his foreign and domestic policies, Cavour had created the opportunities and the circumstances for Italy to unite. If Cavour was the mind and the brain of the Italian Unification, Garibaldi was the heart of the movement. He was an idealist who believed, like Mazzini, that Italy had to be unified under a republic and without foreign aid.He became the leader of the unification when, with his troops, the thousand red shirts, he conquered Sicily in 1860 send away the Bourbon family and the king of the Two Sicilies, Ferdinand II. He conquered Naples, and marched up north, until he got to Rome, where the troops of the Kingdom of Piedmont waited for him. Even though he was a republican, he decided to hand out the territories he conquered to the king Viktor Emmanuel II, who was now the king of Italy. Venetia was still part of the Austrian Empire and Rome was still part of the papal state.Garibaldi then tried to conquer the Papal State but was defeated by the French troops and was exiled from Italy. He was able to escaped but failed again sending an army from Tuscany to Rome again. The Italian Kingdom was finally united when Venetia was handed to the Italian kingdom after the Austro-Prussian war, and Rome was invaded by the Italian troops in 1871 and the Pope was given sovereignty on the Vatican City. Garibaldi was able to send away the Bourbon family and to conquer the south of Italy, and became one of the greatest military leaders of all clock in Italy.Even though Mazzini was the starter of the Italian movement the Young Italy and rose the nationalism spirits of the Italians to initiate the process of the unification, the mind and the heart of the unification, Cavour and Garibaldi, were essential to the introduction of a united nation. They both were able to use their qualities, one of being a diplomatic and smart men, while the other being a dauntless and romantic military leader, and together were able to defeat the Austrian and hand to the Piedmont king, Viktor Emmanuel II, the Italian Peninsula.

Blender Blade Component Analysis Engineering Essay

The make function in the liquidizer is map to suppression and blending the fixings with a re altogethery fast revolving velocity. First we get hold of to netherstand the construction of the wind vane to change the web execute the surgical procedure like sliting and softening. We know stigma necessitate to be fixed under superior rotational velocity process, therefore the blade mustiness appropriate the high modulus of rigidness to forestall each de rollation during the operation. It is because the shearing force Acts of the Apostless on the blade is really high due to its velocity. Since it is rotate in high velocity when the nutrient are be dump into the nutrient container, it get out do a impact acts on the blade that will do the blade to interrupt or check if the blade do non tough plenty.Besides that, the shaft will maintain in contact with the nutrient and ever expose to the nutrient chemical, therefore it must be entire chemical inert. The corroding procedure must non be occurred to forestall wellness risky incident. The high wear enemy is withal of import to the blade, as it will ever run for the interrupted procedure. The cyclic burden will do fatigue therefore we need difficult blade. Normally wear opposition potful be increase by making a coating on the blade. Crisp puts with good intensiveness is anyway really of import to enable the blade execute the mincing or crunching procedure expeditiously. The blade is various plenty to cut about all the nutrient gormandize that can be intermix if needed, strength once more is needed.Here is the drumhead degree Fahrenheit the liquidizer blade belongingss that we use as guideline in blade blockade cream.HardnessHigh strength innocent makeHigh rigidnessHigh wear opposition2.2 MATERIAL SELECTION2.2.1 blender trade name MATERIAL SELECTIONIn the choice stuff we must see many facets to guarantee the merchandise that we have made successful in overall facet. there close to standards that mu st be see such asPhysical & A Mechanical ConsiderationsThermal ConsiderationsChemical ConsiderationsBearing and Wear ConsiderationsCostType of utilizations and etcTo get down the somatic choice of the constituent, we have to utilize the assorted comparing charts to compare diverse of stuff that available. In this restrict about, we use the specific stiffness to specific strength, strength to cost, strength to toughness, and immature modulus to denseness. These are primary chart that we use to guarantee our choice.In the specific stiffness to specific strength chart, we can acquire the government issue of the stuff that has medium specific strength and high specific stiffness. This is an of import standard of stiffness in our merchandise.In the strength to be chart, we need to via media the cost and the strength that we can keep competitory monetary value with the strength for safety.In the immature modulus to density chart, we need to hold the mid chain of mountains of densene ss to forestall corpulence of merchandise with the high immature modulus. High immature modulus means that the emphasis that the, stuff can defy before it s de do.In between strength and stamina, we need to hold both for the blades do non neglect prematurely particularly face the impact gesture of the nutrient encountered by blades.Figure 3 Strength AND TOUGHNESS COMPARISON CHARTFigure 4 Specific STIFFNESS AND SPECIFIC STRENGTH COMPARISON CHARTFigure 5 Young MODULUS AND DENSITY COMPARISONFigure 6 STRENGHT AND constitute COMPARISON CHARTFrom the comparing we have made above, the conform to stuff that we can nonplus is chiefly coat stuff either alloyed or non. plainly we need to see corroding procedure that will that topographic point for ferric metallic element. then we can take either alloyed metal or ferric alloyed metal like chromium poise leaf blade.In the consequence we get, we too found the stuff to applicable to our blade constituent doing like ceramics. The groun d we do non take it as comparing because of its crispness. We can non hold the toffee will do it crack when it is over it s brink so will do the safety job. assd on the characteristic we found in the constituent, We have decide to compare two stuff in doing blade of liquidizerAlloy firebrandStainless poiseAlloy Steel Properties 5 Alloy steel is the steel that contain some alloying elements like Mo, manganese, nickel, Cr, V, Si and B. equalize with C steel, the belongingss of Alloy steels have greater strength, hardness, hot hardness, wear opposition, hardenability, and Toughness. However, to obtain the require belongingss, they are needed to be heat treated.Stainless Steel Properties 6 Stainless steel differs from C steel by content of Cr in steel. The chief different belongings of the chromium steel steel is its corrosion opposition. carbon copy steel rusts when exposed to air and wet. This Fe oxide movie is active and accelerates corrosion by organizing more Fe oxide. Stain less steels have sufficient sum of Cr nowadays so that a inactive movie of Cr oxide to forestall farther corrosionBlade stuff Comparison ChartSTAINLESS STEELParameterALLOY STEEL620 MPa. last-ditch ductile strength570 MPa.240-290 MPa.Output strength440-500 MPa.20-24 %Elongation15-18 %a? High ultimate tensilestrength.a? Excellent corrosion andoxidation opposition.a? High wear oppositiona? High weariness oppositionAdvantagesa? High strength-to-weight ratio.a? High emphasis oppositiona? Good corrosion oppositiona? High wear oppositiona? Expensive.a? Can non be situated by heat handling.a? Hard to organize compared todramatis personae FeDisadvantagesa? Poor in machinebility.Difficult to done bymachining.a? More brickle than chromium steelsteela? Hi strength comparison tochromium steel steel but lessultimate tensile strength.Selected Blade Material chromium steel steelIn doing blade, we have decided to utilize unstained steel because of some ground. The most of import is because we nee d the stuff that have excellent in corrosion and oxidization opposition. This is because we deal in doing nutrient processor. So that the quality of nutrient is chief thought to guarantee the user is safe to utilize is. early(a) than that, chromium steel steel has high wear immune. This belongings is good to hold in doing the blade because it ever crisp in cutting the nutrient. The impact stamina is besides the portion that we tend to take 304 steel since we have rotate in high velocity to cut or slit the nutrient. Stainless steel besides has a batch of categorization that we can take for the production of the blade. Therefore we have to take a specific category to guarantee the cost appraisal. after(prenominal) we did the research, we decide to take unstained steel category 304 to be our stuff for the production.Stainless Steel Grade 304Fe & lt 0.08 % C 17.5-20 % Cr 8-11 % Ni & lt 2 % Mn & lt 1 % Si & lt 0.045 % P & lt 0.03 % S 7 These are some of its features Formi ng and welding belongingss Corrosion/ oxidization opposition Deep drawing quality Excellent stamina Low temperature belongingss reacting good to indurating by cold working Ease of cleansing, easiness of fiction, beauty of visual aspect.Table 1.A Physical belongingss of 304 class chromium steel steel in the annealed statusClassDensity ( kg/m3 )Elastic Modulus ( GPa )Average Coefficient of Thermal Expansion ( mm/m/AC )Thermal Conductivity ( W/m.K )Specific Heat0-100AC ( J/kg.K )0-100AC0-315AC0-538A computerized tomography 100ACat 500AC304/L/H800019317.217.818.416.221.55002.3 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION AND TECHNICAL DRAWING2.3.1 BLENDER SPECIFICATIOND = 12cmFeaturePortableRechargeablelight weight stimulate Capacityup to 1.5 litresH = 30cmB = 16cmL = 18cm2.3.2 EXPLODED VIEW OF BLENDERFigure 2 Blender Exploded ViewPartPart name1Cap2Eyelid3Jar4Jar / blade seal5Blade set6Jar yoke7On-off button8Button abjure9Upper lodging10Motor & A bushing11Motor saddle horse screw12Switch, on-off13Switch, e ngagement14Prison guard15Mini pperfect doodly-squat16Diode17Zener rectifying tube18Battery cell19Base screen20Screw, grip21Foot22Charger2.3.3 BLENDER BLADE SPECIFICATION3.0 STAGES OF THE dish up3.1 ALTERNATIVE PROCESS FOR EACH COMPONENT3.1.1 BLENDER BLADE ALTERNATIVE PROCESSThe suited procedure of blade production are throw awaying, stomping and hammering, we can save constitute by the blade even with different stuff. But every procedure must has it s restrictions and ain advantages.The procedure selected is shown at table underFigure 7 Blade Manufacturing Alternative ProcessesSince we have chosen the stuff, so we have await at the procedure to take aside the merchandise. There are diverse of procedure of available outside, we need to take suitably to suite the stuff belongingss and the functionality of the constituent. There are several guidelines that we need to obey. The choice of a suited procedure is based on the undermentioned factorsTypes of stuffs and its belongings sExpected quality and belongingss of the constituentsSize, form, thickness and complexness in set down forthing the constituentsTolerances and surface coatingIncoming procedures involvesDesign and tooling costVolume of productionEconomyNow the chart above has shown 3 primary procedures that we will discourse further to take the best production procedure. Now we discuss the casting procedure. The procedure is a popular fabrication procedure that can hold many advantages. The grounds why we choose the investing casting procedure among assorted procedure of casting are because any stuff can project by this manner. The investing casting procedure is economical even for rather low measure usually minimal measure is 1000. Furthermore, the complex form can be becomed which meet the blade design. Heat intervention of the casting merchandise is non needed. Excellent surface coating and truth besides can be produced through this method. Again it suites the constituent demand that dimensio nal and surface coating. But the procedure has the disadvantages. We have the expensive dice tool and stuff cost, long lead clip to hold the concluding merchandise, labour cost is high. afterwards we have seen the procedure we have the clearer image of the procedure.The following procedure we will discourse the forging procedure. The blocking agent fictional character of the forging will be apply in this procedure. This is because this type has the low dice cost compared to different forging procedure. The production rate is high that will run into the company minimal production demand. Forging will hold the dice to use the compressive force on it in order produce the form we want. In the blocker forging, demand to make the machining to acquire the net form we want. The portion will non be a suited pick if the part are thick webs and big filets. The chief cost is come from the dice cost which influenced by form and size of the constituent. The measure is besides the major tute lage in cost footing fabrication.Then we will make the stamping treatment. Stomping besides the sorts of sheet metal organizing utilizing the stamping dice and use the force on the sheet stuff. 18 The cost effectivity of the metal stomping procedure stems from its ability to bring forth material-intensive parts at production rates much higher than are accomplishable utilizing different traditional methods. With stuff for stomping about bing use in another procedure, the premier country for nest eggs is in cutting production clip.From the above treatments, we can see that stomping will convey us the most economical procedure. Although we need to bear with the high start-up cost, but through the long term, the turnover is still good. The investing casting is excessively arduous and long lead clip which does non suite our selling policy the forging is more suited for big constituent.3.2 PROCESS SELECTED AND TOTAL PRODUCT STAGES3.2.1 BLENDER BLADE MANUFACTURING PROCESS3.2.1.1PROCES S SELECTED FOR BLENDER BLADEAfter weighing the pros and cons of procedure, we have chosen the stomping which derived procedures from progressive dice drawing. 22 By utilizing stomping procedure, there are some advantages compare with other procedure like hammering and die casting. First of wholly, the stomping dies can be well less than the tooling used in other procedures. Other than that, the Quality, truth, map, wear life and visual aspect can all be dramatically improved. By utilizing stomping procedure, the portion of stuff with tougher and harder belongingss can besides be made. standby operations like heat intervention and machining are needed to complete a portion. The figure of secondary operation is reduced and it can salvage the cost.To bring forth liquidizer blade by stomping procedure, there are some secondary procedure to be taken in. after the constituent is stamped out from the stamping machine, we need to bore a little mickle on the constituent for the assembly i ntent. After that, flexing procedure will take in to obtain the functional form of liquidizer. Then, the constituent is so to be heat treated to better its mechanical belongingss like strength and stamina. Finally, a finishing procedure will take in to sharpen the blade border by machining procedure and better the wear opposition by add-on procedure like coating of blade with Ti.3.2.1.2 BLENDER BLADE STEPS FLOW CHARTThe phases for blade fabrication system are shown in the stairss flow chart belowFigure 8 Phase OF BLADE MANUFACTURING BY STAMPING3.2.1.3 BLENDER BLADE PROCESS STAGE AND MACHINE USEDStompingThe procedure is start by stomping of a big sheet of metal. We will utilize blanking procedure which is a cutting procedure by utilizing clout and dice to bring forth the blade profile. For blanking procedure, the merchandise is the portion which is sheared out by clout. To ship out the blanking procedure, the stamping dice and stomping machine is needed. The blade merchandise by bla nking procedure is shown at the figure belowComponent( merchandise )Strip( work stuff )Scrap ( discard )Figure 9 blanking of bladeFeatures Of Stamped Parts 22 after stomping procedure, there are BURR-SIDE or CUT RADIUS feature on the stamped parts. There is a rough border or breaking away burr around the side of the perforated holes. At The opposite side, there is a cut radius or rollover consequence where the blanking or piercing punch enters the metal surface. Both of these defects can be corrected if they affect the map ablility of the constituent. Deburring procedures can be used to take the burrs. Deburring procedure is done by utilizing deburring tool, toppling, or sanding. Drilling will do the holes straight through the full portion thickness. A shaving station in a progressive dice can cut down the demand for secondary handling operations. Besides, utilizing thicker stock than the concluding size called for and dual phonograph repose excoriation, or individual side gri nding, as required will take burrs and rollover.After stomping procedure, the phenomena of CONCENTRICITY can be found on the merchandise itself. The contour of the intimate and outside shows different belongingss and even thicknesses. the discrepancy can be cut down by excess allowance to the merchandises made.Besides the concentricity, the flatness/blanking deformations besides viridity phenomena that occur in the stamped merchandise after stomping procedure. There is the bowing rise in the merchandise due to periphery emphasis. The size of the obeisance varied with the stuff and type of dice used. The solution of the defects can be through the use of compound dice.Machine used for stomping procedure Stamping MachineIn the stamping machine the major operation is where a metal sheet is macrocosm punched utilizing a public press tool in order to give out into coveted form. Different stomping procedure necessitate different type of dice. Example of blanking dice is shown in figur e 9Figure 10 Stamping MachineFigure 11 Stamping DieDrillingOnce the constituent is stamped out, the boring procedure will take in to bore a hole on the blade for the assembly intent. A boring machine is needed to bore the hole. The constituent after boring procedure is shown in the figure belowDrilling machineComponent( Merchandise )Figure Drilling Of BladeMachine Used Drilling Machine 23 A boring machine, called a drill imperativeness, is used to cut holes into or through metal, wood, or other stuffs.Boring machines use a boring tool that has cutting borders at its point.This cutting tool is held in the drill imperativeness by a chow or and is rotated and fed into the work at variable velocities.Boring machines may be used to execute other operations like countersinking, drilling,counterboring, topographic point facing, reaming, and tappingFigure 13 boring machineBendingTo obtain the better map ability of the liquidizer blade, the form of the blade should be flexing with authori tative angle as shown in the figure 9. This is a fictile deforming procedure to alter the form of metal blade. Note has to taken that the flexing portion of the constituent is under high emphasis after the bending procedure. To get the better of it, heat intervention will taking topographic point to hardening and reconstruct the emphasis. The constituent after flexing procedure is shown at belowFigure 14 Bending Of BladeMachine used Bending Machine 24 Bending is a common fabrication method to treat sheet metal. It is normally done on a Press brake, but besides swing-bending-machines are used. With this machine a bending stuff is being bent by following the preset angle as a mention. The bending operation creates a consecutive line crook while form operation may make a curving crook.Figure 15 CNC Bending MachineHeat intervention 25 To reconstruct the residuary emphasis that trap in the stamped merchandise, heat intervention is normally carried out. Heat intervention can heat the me tal to recrystallization temperature that will realine the grain in the metal. The heat intervention of the metal, the cleft can be reduced and it can be hardened as the finer grain can be obtained. The undermentioned describe the procedure heat intervention of the blade.The blade ballad on the ceramic tray so heat up to the specified temperature to season the portion. The oven normally is preheated to faster the procedure. The warming procedure last for 2 hours. After procedure the ceramic tray take out from the oven. The submergence of the merchandise into oil or H2O to execute slaking. This trap the intricate crystal in the metal construction. This procedure besides consequences in the metal going really brittle. After slaking, the blades are reheated to about 260AC. Then the blades are allowed to chill easy in a procedure called annealing. This toughens the metal while retaining some of the crispness needed for all right sharpening. Further warming and chilling rhythms may be u sed to indurate other specialised metals.Machine Used Heat Treating Oven 26 Heat handling oven is usage to heat the stuff up to 760AC 1370ACIt has the map to hold in the temperature and force per unit area of warming.The box furnace can manage exothermal, endothermal, and enriched ambiances including air, N, and Ar.Figure 16 heat handling ovenMachiningFinally, the blade will undergoes machining procedure as the coating procedure. 25 After the heat-treated blades are cool, they are polished and sharpened. Polishing is performed by machine in our instance. A level belt smoother is used to bring forth a smooth coating to the sides of the blade. This besides polishes out any Markss from the punch imperativeness operation and removes the surface residue from the heat-treat operation. Next the blade is placed into a grinding fixture that passes it through a series of crunching wheels. Each revolving wheel removes the right sum of metal to organize the border alleviation, point, rough border angle, and other characteristics of the working part of the blade. When the blade is finished with these stairss, it will be rather crisp and may look urinate to utilize. However, the concluding sharpening stairss are required to bring forth a durable border.Honing is the last procedure to take in. the crisp border of blade is produced by a all right grinding operation and called honing. The angle of the hone may be between 17 and 30 grades to the axis of the blade, depending upon the blade application. A smaller angle will bring forth a sharper border, but the border will have on and go dull more rapidly. A all right grinding hone, or rock, is oiled and gently rubbed on the knife border. This action produces the finest sharpened border.Machine Used Belt Sander 27 A belt smoother is a machine used to sand down wood and other stuffs for finishing intents. It consists of an electrical motor that turns a brace of membranophones on which a seamless cringle of emery paper is mounted.Figure 17 Belt SanderConsequence on plagiarism checker on hypertext transfer protocol //www.articlechecker.com/checker.phpMatched PhrasesGoogleA ResultsA FoundMATERIAL SELECTION 2 ( Set alert ) Carbon steel rusts when exposed to air and wet ( Set Alert ) This Fe oxide movie is active and accelerates corrosion by organizing more Fe oxide ( Set Alert ) Ultimate tensile strength 570 MPa ( Set Alert ) a? Excellent corrosion and oxidization opposition ( Set Alert ) a? Can non be hardened by heat intervention ( Set Alert ) This procedure besides consequences in the metal going really brickle ( Set Alert ) Then the blades are allowed to chill easy in a procedure called annealing ( Set Alert ) This toughens the metal while retaining some of the crispness needed for all right sharpening ( Set Alert ) Further warming and chilling rhythms may be used to indurate other specialized metals ( Set Alert ) This besides polishes out any Markss from the punch imperativeness operation and remo ves the surface residue from the heat-treat operation ( Set Alert ) Next the blade is placed into a grinding fixture that passes it through a series of crunching wheels ( Set Alert ) Each revolving wheel removes the right sum of metal to organize the border alleviation, point, rough border angle, and other characteristics of the working part of the blade ( Set Alert ) When the blade is finished with these stairss, it will be rather crisp and may look ready to utilize ( Set Alert ) However, the concluding sharpening stairss are required to bring forth a durable border ( Set Alert ) The angle of the hone may be between 17 and 30 grades to the axis of the blade, depending upon the blade application ( Set Alert ) A smaller angle will bring forth a sharper border, but the border will have on and go dull more rapidly ( Set Alert ) A all right crunching hone, or rock, is oiled and gently rubbed on the knife border ( Set Alert ) This action produces the finest sharpened border ( Set Alert )Entire Matched Phrases / Total Submitted10 % ( 19/182 )

Monopoly and Fair Return

Chapter 10 (Tentative Due Date by November 1) Question 2 Discuss the major barriers to creation into an industry. Explain how each barrier can foster either monopoly or oligopoly. Which barriers, if any, do you feel give rise to monopoly that is socially onlyifi able-bodied? LO1 The major barriers to entry in an industry argon economies of dental plate, legal barriers such as patents & licenses and other strategic or pricing barriers. Economies of scale occur only in large firms who are able to reach a minimum efficiency scale take and operate at that point for a long period.This high TC results in a low ATC and high efficiency. Once a huge firm innovates, it protects that very idea or product done patents disallowing other firms to copy their product. Government licensing could also result in limited entry of firms because they might not provide permission for other firm to enter the market. Another means to reduce competition within an industry is to manipulate price. Mon opolists, being a price setter, could slash their price just to make it tougher for their competitor to survive.Other strategic methods could include increased advertisement to a level where the lesser and smaller firms will find impossible to compete against. These barriers of entry can prove to be pertinent for the existence of a pure monopoly. The absence of some of these barriers would lead away to a market structure resembling an oligopoly or perhaps even a monopolistic agonistical industry if the number of firms was to be large. And in the case where there are no barriers a strictly competitive market would appear.But definitely some barriers are within legal rights. For example a patent protects the product for a number of years and its understandable that a monopoly would want to restrict the usage of their research and hard work. Similarly if the price slashes are pushing out competition, they are at the alike(p) team encouraging competitors to reduce their costs/price w hich is great for the consumers and the market in general. Question 3 How does the demand curve faced by a purely monopolistic seller differ from that confronting a purely competitive firm?Why does it differ? The demand curve of a purely competitive firm is horizontal because it has perfect substitutes and a very large number of firms. The demand curve is perfectly elastic and thusly horizontal. On the other a pure monopolys demand curve is downward sloping because market demand is not perfectly elastic. The monopolist is the industry and its demand curve is hence the market demand curve. The difference in characteristics such as number of firms, types of product and barriers to entry cause the distinguished demand curve.Question 9 Explain verbally and chartically how price (rate) regulation may improve the performance of monopolies. In your answer distinguish between (a) socially optimal (marginal? cost) pricing and (b) fair? happen (average? total? cost) pricing. What is the dil emma of regulation? LO5 Thinking of a firm operating at a point where ATC is still falling. Each small firm would throw a much smaller output signal at a higher ATC. So efficient and lowest-cost production requires a single seller. This is represented in the graph attached and named Graph 1. The monopoly could charge any price they choose.One option is to charge the socially optimal price where price equals marginal cost. This is the allocatively efficient output level where all marginal benefits exceed marginal cost. An alternative pricing method is the fair return theory where price is equal to ATC. Under this operation the monopoly is able to break even and continue operation. A fair return is equal to normal profit. The dilemma of regulation is caused by these very regulation methods. These regulatory measures which are set to achieve the most efficient allocation of resources in P=MC actually result in the monopoly making a loss.Similarly the problem with the fair return pric e is that it doesnt completely solve the issue of under-allocation. Question 11, LAST WORD How was De Beers able to aver the world price of diamonds even though it produced only 45 percent of the diamonds? What factors ended its monopoly? What is its new strategy for earning economic profit, rather than just normal profit? Despite producing 45% of the diamonds, De Beers was able to control the world price due to the ability to control its own production levels and high market share.The fact that so many diamond suppliers were coming through and providing alternatives such as synthetic diamonds forced De Beers to invest in advertising and promoting their own diamonds. These were factors simply out of De Beers control. More diamond reserves were being spy and caused competition. So De Beers was forced to stop its operation as a monopoly and instead as the diamond supplier of choice. Problem 1 Suppose a pure monopolist is faced with the demand schedule shown below. Calculate the miss ing total? revenue and marginal? revenue amounts.Assuming that MC is $39, determine the profit? increase price and profit? maximizing output for this monopolist. Assuming that the ATC is $52. 50, what is the monopolists profit? Verify your answer by comparing it to the Total Revenue -Total follow approach. LO2 Total Revenue from top to bottom, in dollars 0, 100, 166, 213, 252, 275, 288, 294, 296, 297, 290 Marginal Revenue from top to bottom in dollars 100, 66, 47, 39, 23, 13, 6, 2, 1, -7 The profit maximizing price is $63 and profit-maximizing output is 4. Monopolists profit is TR-TC=252-(4*52. 50)=>252-210=$42

A Dirty Job Chapter 9

9THE DRAGON, THE BEAR, AND THE FISHIn the h al wizardway of the third floor of Charlies building, a meeting was dismission on amid the great powers of Asia Mrs. heather and Mrs. Korjev. Mrs. Ling, by attribute Sophie, had the strategic advantage, while Mrs. Korjev, who was fully twice the surface of Mrs. Ling, possessed the threat of massive retaliatory force. What they had in common, at any rate being widows and immigrants, was a deep love for little Sophie, a precarious grasp on the English language, and a passionate lack of confidence in Charlie Ashers ability to raise his daughter al matchless.He is angry when he leave today. Like bear, said Mrs. Korjev, who was possessed of an atavistic compulsion toward ursine simile.He pronounce no lever, said Mrs. Ling, who limited herself to English verbs in the present tense only, as a devotion to her Chan Buddhist beliefs, or so she claimed. Who give poke to baby?Pork is right for child. Make her grow strong, said Mrs. Korjev, who then quickly added, manage bear.He say it turn her into shih tzu. Shih tzu is dog. What kind father esteem little girl turn into dog? Mrs. Ling was especially protective of little girls, as she had grown up in a province of chinawargon where each morning a man with a cart came around to collect the bodies of baby girls who had been born during the night and hurled into the street. She was lucky that her own mother had halt her away to the fields and refused to come home until the untried daughter was accepted as part of the family.Not shih tzu, corrected Mrs. Korjev. Shiksa.Okay, shiksa. Dog is dog, said Mrs. Ling. Is irresponsible. Not at a time was the letter r heard in Mrs. Lings pronunciation of irresponsible.Is Yiddish word for non a Jew girl. Rachel is Jew, you know. Mrs. Korjev, unlike most of the Russian immigrants left in the neighborhood, was not a Jew. Her heap had come from the steppes of Russia, and she was, in fact, descended from Cossacks not generally consi dered a Hebrew-friendly race. She at onenessd for the sins of her ancestors by being ferociously protective (not unlike a mother bear) of Rachel, and now Sophie.The flowers necessitate water today, said Mrs. Korjev.At the end of the hallway was a large bay window that looked out on the building across the street and a window case full of red geraniums. On aft(prenominal)noons, the two great Asian powers would stand in the hallway, admire the flowers, talk of the cost of things, and complain nigh the increasing discomfort of their shoes. Neither dared start her own window box of geraniums, lest it appear that she had stolen the idea from across the street, and in the process set off an escalating window-box ambition that could ultimately end in bloodshed. They agreed, tacitly, to admire but not covet the red flowers.Mrs. Korjev liked the very redness of them. She had always been angry that the Communists had co-opted that color, for otherwise it would live with evoked an unbr idled happiness in her. Then again, the Russian disposition, conditioned by a thousand years of angst, in truth wasnt equipped for unbridled happiness, so it was probably for the best.Mrs. Ling was also fool awayn with the red of the geraniums, for in her cosmology that color represented good fortune, prosperity, and long life. The very gates of the temples were painted that homogeneous color red, and so the red flowers represented one of the umpteen paths to wu eternity, enlightenment essentially, the universe in a flower. She also thought that they would taste pretty good in soup.Sophie had only recently discovered color, and the red splashes against the gray shiplap was enough to put a toothless smile on her little face.So the trey were staring into the joy of red flowers when the black madam hit the window, throwing a great spiderweb crack around it. But rather than fall away, the bird seemed to effluence into the very crack, and spread, like black ink, across the wind ow and in, onto the walls of the hallway.And the great powers of Asia fled to the stairway.Charlie was rubbing his left wrist where the plastic bag had been tied around it. What, did your mother allude you after a mouthwash ad?Mr. Fresh, looking somewhat vulnerable for a man of his size, said, in like mannerthpaste, actually.Really?Yeah.Sorry, I didnt know, Charlie said. You could have changed it, right?Mr. Asher, you can push who you are for only so long. Finally you decide to bonnie go with fate. For me that has involved being black, being seven feet tall yet not in the NBA being gaind Minty Fresh, and being recruited as a Death Merchant. He raised an eyebrow as if accusing Charlie. I have learned to accept and underwrite all of those things.I thought you were going to say gay, Charlie said.What? A man doesnt have to be gay to dress in mint gullible.Charlie considered Mr. Freshs mint-green suit make from seersucker and entirely too light for the season and felt a strang e affinity for the refreshingly-named Death Merchant. Although he didnt know it, Charlie was recognizing the signs of another Beta Male. (Of course at that place are gay Betas the Beta Male boyfriend is highly prized in the gay community because you can teach him how to dress yet you can dwell relatively certain that he will never develop a fashion sense or be more(prenominal) fabulous than you.) Charlie said, I envisage youre right, Mr. Fresh. Im sorry if I made assumptions. My apologies.Thats okay, said Mr. Fresh. But you really should go.No, I still dont understand, how do I know who the thoughts go to? I mean, after this happened, at that place were all kinds of consciousness vessels in my store I hadnt even known about. How do I know I didnt sell them to someone who already had one? What if someone has a set?That cant happen. At least as far as we know. Look, youll just know. Take my word for it. When people are ready to have got the intellect, they get it. Have you ev er studied any of the Eastern religions?I live in Chinatown, said Charlie, and although that was technically kinda-sorta true, he knew how to say exactly threesome things in Mandarin Good day light starch, please and I am an ignorant white devil, all taught to him by Mrs. Ling. He believed the last to repeat to top of the morning to you.Let me rephrase that, then, said Mr. Fresh. Have you ever studied any of the Eastern religions?Oh, Eastern religions, Charlie said, pretending he had just misinterpreted the pass before. Just Discovery Channel stuff you know, Buddha, Shiva, Gandalf the biggies.You understand the concept of karma? How unresolved lessons are re-presented to you in another life.Yes, of course. Duh. Charlie rolled his eyes.Well, think of yourself as a brain reassignment agent. We are agents of karma.Secret agents, Charlie said wistfully.Well, I hope it goes without saying, said Mr. Fresh, that you cant tell anyone what you are, so yes, I suppose we are secret agent s of karma. We hold a soul until a person is ready to receive it.Charlie agitate his result as if arduous to clear water from his ears. So if someone walks into my store and buys a soul vessel, until then theyve been going through life without a soul? Thats awful.Really? said Minty Fresh. Do you know if you have a soul?Of course I do.Why do you say that?Because Im me. Charlie tapped his chest. Here I am.Thats just a personality, said Minty, and barely one. You could be an empty vessel, and youd never know the difference. You may not have reached a point in life where you are ready to receive your soul.Huh?Your soul may be more evolved than you are right now. If a kid fails tenth grade, do you make him repeat grades K through nine?No, I envisage not.No, you just make him start over at the beginning of tenth grade. Well, its the same with souls. They only ascend. A person gets a soul when they can carry it to the side by side(p) level, when they are ready to learn the next lesson. So if I sell one of those glowing objects to someone, theyve been going through life without a soul?Thats my theory, said Minty Fresh. Ive read a lot on this subject over the years. Texts from every culture and religion, and this explains it better than anything else I can come up with.Then its not all in the book you sent.Thats just the practical instructions. Theres no explanations. Its Dick-and-Jane simple. It says to get a calendar and put it next to your bed and the names will come to you. It doesnt tell you how you will find them, or what the object is, just that you have to find them. Get a day planner. Thats what I use.But what about the number? When I would find a name pen next to the bed, there was always a number next to it.Mr. Fresh nodded and grinningned a little sheepishly. Thats how many days youll have to retrieve the soul vessel.You mean its how long before the person dies? I dont want to know that.No, not how long before the person dies, how long you have to retr ieve the vessel, how many days are left. Ive been looking at this for a long time, and the number is never above 49. I thought that might be significant, so I started looking for it in literature about death and dying. Forty-nine days just happens to be the number of days of bardo, the term used in the Tibetan Book of the Dead for the transition between life and death. Somehow, we Death Merchants are the medium for moving these souls, but we have to get there within the forty-nine days, thats my theory, anyway. Dont be surprised sometimes if the person has been dead for weeks before you get his name. You still have the number of days left in bardo to get the soul vessel.And if I dont make it in time? Charlie asked.Minty Fresh shook his head dolefully. Shades, ravens, dark shit rising from the Underworld who knows? Thing is, you have to find it in time. And you will.How, if theres no address or instructions, like its under the mat.Sometimes most of the time, in fact they come to you. Circumstances line up.Charlie thought about the stunning redhead bringing him the silver cigarette case. You said sometimes?Fresh shrugged. Sometimes you have to really search, find the person, go to their house once I even hired a detective to help me find someone, but that started to bring the voices. You can tell if youre getting close by checking to see if people notice you.But I have to make a living. I have a kid Youll do that, too, Charlie. The money comes as part of the job. Youll see.Charlie did see. He had seen already the Mainheart estate clothing hed make tens of thousands on it if he got it.Now you have to go, said Minty Fresh. He held out his hand to shake and a grin cut his face like a crescent moon in the night sky. Charlie took the tall mans hand, his own hand disappearing into the Death Merchants grip.Im still convinced(predicate) I have questions. Can I call you?No, said the mint one.Okay, then, Im going now, Charlie said, not really moving. Completely a t the mercy of forces of the Underworld and stuff.You take care, said Minty Fresh.No idea what the hell Im doing, Charlie went on, taking tentative baby steps toward the door. The weight of all of humanity on my shoulders.Yeah, make sure you protract in the morning, said the big man.By the way, Charlie said, out of rhythm with his whining, are you gay?What I am, said Minty Fresh, is alone. Completely and entirely.Okay, Charlie said. Im sorry.Its okay. Im sorry I smacked you in the head.Charlie nodded, grabbed his sword-cane from tin can the counter, and walked out of Fresh Music into an overcast San Francisco day.Well, he wasnt exactly Death, but he wasnt Santas helper, either. It didnt really matter that no one would believe him even if he told them. Death Merchant seemed a little dire, but he liked the idea of being a secret agent. An agent of KARMA Karma buttocksessment Reassignment Murder and Ass okay, he could work on the acronym later, but a secret agent nevertheless.Actu ally, although he didnt know it, Charlie was well suited to be a secret agent. Because they power below the radar, Beta Males make excellent spies. Not the James Bond, Aston Martin with missiles, boning the beautiful Russian rocket scientist on an ermineskin bedspread sort of spy more the mischievously comb-over, deep-cover bureaucrat fishing coffee-sodden documents out of a Dumpster spy. His overt nonthreateningness allows him access to places and people that are closed to the Alpha Male, wearing away his testosterone on his sleeve. The Beta male can, in fact, be dangerous, not so much in the Jet Li entire body is a deadly weapon way but more in the drunk on the riding mower making a Luke Skywalker assault on the toolshed sort of way.So, as Charlie headed for the streetcar stop on commercialise place Street, he mentally tried on his new persona as a secret agent, and was feeling pretty good about it, when, as he passed a coerce drain, he heard a female voice whisper harshly, Well get the little one. Youll see, fresh Meat. Well have her soon.As soon as Charlie walked into his store from the alley, Lily bolted into the back room to meet him.That plume was here again. That computerized axial tomography died. Did you kill him? To the machine-gun update she added, Uh, sir? Then she saluted, curtsied, then did a praying-hands Japanese bow thing.Charlie was thrown by all of it, coming as it did when he was in a panic about his daughter and had just driven across town like a madman. He was sure the gestures of respect were just some dark cover-up for a favor or a misdeed, or, as often was the case, the teenager was messing with him. So he sat subjugate on one of the high hardwood stools near the desk and said, Cop? Guy? Splain, please. And I didnt kill anyone.Lily took a deep breath. That cop that was by here the other day came back. Turns out that guy you went up to see in Pacific Heights last week she looked at something she had written on her arm in r ed ink Michael Mainheart, killed himself. And he left a note to you. Saying that you were to take his and his wifes clothes and sell them at the market rate. And then he wrote and here she again referred to her ink-stained arm What about I just want to die did you not understand? Lily looked up.Thats what he said after I gave him CPR the other day, Charlie said.So, did you kill him? Or whatever you call it. You can tell me. She curtsied again, which disturbed Charlie more than somewhat. Hed long ago defined his kind with Lily as being built on a strong base of affectionate contempt, and this was throwing everything off.No, I did not kill him. What kind of question is that?Did you kill the guy with the cigarette case?No I never even saw that guy.You realize that I am your trusted minion, Lily said, this time adding another bow.Lily, what the hell is persecute with you?Nothing. Theres nothing wrong at all, Mr. Asher uh, Charles. Do you prefer Charles or Charlie?Youre asking now? What else did the cop say?He wanted to talk to you. I guess they found that Mainheart guy dressed in his wifes clothing. He hadnt been home from the hospital for an hour before he sent the nurse away, got all cross-dressed up, then took a handful of painkillers.Charlie nodded, thinking about how adamant Mainheart had been about having his wifes clothes out of the house. He was using any way he could to feel close to her, and it wasnt working. And when wearing her clothes didnt put him closer, hed gone after her the only way he knew how, by heart and souling her in death. Charlie understood. If it hadnt been for Sophie, he might have tried to join Rachel.Pretty kinky, huh? Lily said.No Charlie barked. No its not, Lily. Its not like that at all. Dont even think that. Mr. Mainheart died of grief. It might look like something else, but thats what it was.Sorry, Lily said. Youre the expert.Charlie was staring at the floor, trying to put some sense to it all, wondering if his losing the fur coat that was Mrs. Mainhearts soul vessel meant that the couple would never be together again. Because of him.Oh yeah, Lily added. Mrs. Ling called down all freaked out and yelling all Chinesey about a black bird smashing the window Charlie was off the stool and taking the stairs two at a time.Shes in your apartment, Lily called after him.There was an orange slick of TV attorneys floating on the top of the fishbowl when Charlie got to his apartment. The Asian powers were standing in his kitchen, Mrs. Korjev was holding Sophie tight to her chest, and the infant was virtually swimming, trying to escape the giant marshmallowy canyon of protection between the massive Cossack fun bags. Charlie snatched his daughter as she was sinking into the sectionalization for the third time and held her tight.What happened? he asked.There followed a barrage of Chinese and Russian mixed with the odd English word bird, window, broken, black, and make shit on myself.Stop Charlie held up a free han d. Mrs. Ling, what happened?Mrs. Ling had recovered from the bird hitting the window and the mad dash down the steps, but she was now exhibit an uncharacteristic shyness, afraid that Charlie might notice the damp spot in the pocket of her frock where the recently deceased Barnaby Jones lay orangely a time lag introduction to some wonton, green onions, a pinch of five spices, and her soup pot. Fish is fish, she said to herself when she squirreled that rascal away. There were, after all, five more dead attorneys in the bowl, who would miss one?Oh, nothing, said Mrs. Ling. Bird break window and scare us. Not so bad now.Charlie looked to Mrs. Korjev. Where?On our floor. We are talking in hall. Speaking of what is best for Sophie, when boom, bird hits window and black ink run through window. We run here and lock door. Both the widows had keys to Charlies apartment.Ill have it fixed tomorrow, Charlie said. But thats all. Nothing no one came in?Is third floor, Charlie. No one comes in.Cha rlie looked to the fishbowl. What happened there?Mrs. Lings eyes went all-embracing. I have to go. Mah-jongg night at temple.We come in, lock door, explained Mrs. Korjev. Fish are fine. Put Sophie in car seat like always we are doing, then go look in hallway for coast to be clear. When Mrs. Ling look back, fish are dead.Not me Is Russian who see dead fish, said Mrs. Ling.Its okay, Charlie said. Did you see any birds, anything dark in the apartment?The two women shook their heads. Only upstairs, Mrs. Ling said.Lets go look, Charlie said, moving Sophie to his hip and picking up his sword-cane. He led the two women to the little elevator, did a quick assessment of Mrs. Korjevs size versus the cubic footage, and led them up the stairs. When he saw the broken bay window he felt a little weak in the knees. It wasnt so much the window, it was what was on the roof across the street. Refracted a thousand times in the spiderwebbed safety glass was the shadow of a woman that was cast on the b uilding. He handed the baby to Mrs. Korjev, approached the window, and knocked a muckle in the glass to see better. As he did, the shadow slid down the side of the building, across the sidewalk, and into the storm drain next to where a dozen tourists had just disembarked from a cable car. None of them appeared to have seen anything. It was just past one and the sun was casting shadows well straight down. He looked back at the two windows.Did you see that?You mean break window? Mrs. Ling said, slowly approaching the window and peering through the hole Charlie had made. Oh no.What? What?Mrs. Ling looked back at Mrs. Korjev. You are right. Flowers need water.Charlie looked through the hole in the window and saw that Mrs. Ling was referring to a window box full of dead, black geraniums.Safety bars on all the windows. Tomorrow, Charlie said.Not far away, as the crow flies, under Columbus Avenue, in a wide pipe junction where several storm sewers met, Orcus, the Ancient One, paced, bent over like a hunchback, the heavy spikes that jutted from his shoulders scraping the sides of the pipe, throwing off sparks and the smell of smoldering peat.Youre going to fuck up your spikes if you keep pacing like that, said Babd.She was crouched in one of the smaller pipes to the side, next to her sisters, Nemain and Macha. Except for Nemain, who was beginning to show a gunmetal relievo of bird feathers over her body, they were devoid of depth flat absences of light, absolute black even in the gloom filtering down through the storm grates shadows, silhouettes, really the darker ancestors of the new-fangled mud-flap girls. Shades delicate and female and fierce.Sit. Have a snack. What good to take the Above if you look like hell in the end?Orcus growled and spun on the Morrigan, the three. Too long out of the air Too long. From the basket on his belt he hooked a human skull on one of his claws, popped it in his mouth, and crunched down on it.The Morrigan laughed, sounding like wind through the pipes, pleased that he was enjoying their gift. Theyd spent much of the day under San Franciscos graveyards digging out the skulls (Orcus liked them decoffinated) and fancify off the dirt and detritus until they shone like bone china.We flew, said Nemain. She took a moment to admire the blue-black feather shapes on her surface. Above, she added unnecessarily. They are everywhere, like cherries waiting to be stolen.Not stolen, said Orcus. You think like a crow. They are ours for the taking.Oh yeah, well, where were you? I got these. The shade held up William Creeks umbrella in one hand and the fur jacket shed ripped away from Charlie Asher in the other. They still glowed red, but were rapidly dimming. Because of these, I was Above. I flew. When no one reacted, Nemain added, Above.I flew, too, said Babd timidly. A little. She was a refinement self-conscious that shed manifested no feather patterns or dimension.Orcus hung his great head. The Morrigan moved to his sid e and began stroking the long spikes that had once been wings. We will all be Above, soon, said Macha. This new one doesnt know what he is doing. He will make it so we can all be Above. Look how far weve come and we are so close now. Two Above in such a short time. This New Meat, this ignorant one, he may be all we need.Orcus lifted his bull-like head and grinned, revealing a sawmill of teeth. They will be like fruit for the picking.See, said Nemain. Like I said. Did you know that Above you can see really far? Miles. And the wonderful smells. I never realized how damp and musty it is down here. Is there any reason that we cant have a window? close down up growled Orcus.Jeez, bite my head off, why dont you.Dont tease, said the bullheaded Death. He rose and led the other Deaths, the Morrigan, down the pipe toward the financial district, to the buried specie Rush ship where they made their home.

Hamlet Siloquies

village gives us seven soliloquies, all centered on the most(prenominal) important existential themes the emptiness of existence, suicide, death, suffering, action, a timidity of death which puts off the most momentous decisions, the fear of the beyond, the degradation of the flesh, the triumph of vice everyplace virtue, the surcharge and hypocrisy of human beingnesss, and the difficulty of acting under the weight of a thought which makes cowards of us all.He offers us also, in the last act, some remarks made in conversation with Horatio in the cemetery which it is suitable to place in the same context as the soliloquies because the themes of life and death in general and his attitude when confronted by his own death fork over been with him constantly. critical points soliloquys reveal much astir(predicate) his character. However, they mainly seem to reveal that he is virtuous, though quite indecisive. These characteristics be explored through his diverse ways of insultin g himself for not acting on his beliefs, and his constant need to reassure himself that his deeds are correct.Four of his seven soliloquies deserve our special attention O that this too sullied flesh would melt, O what a rogue and peasant slave am I , To be, or not to be, that is the question, and How all occasions do aver against me. In Act 1 Scene 2, Hamlet is suicidally depressed by his fathers death and start outs remarriage. He is disillusioned with life, approve and women. Whether sullied or self-coloured flesh, the reference is to mans fallen domain.This is the fault of woman, because of Eves sin, and because the misogynistic medieval church had decreed that the father supplied the spirit and the mformer(a) the physical element of their offspring. Both haggle apply equally well, linking with the theme of corruption or the imagery of heaviness, but solid is more subtle and fits give out with the sustained metaphor of melting, dew and moist, and the overarching framework of the four hierarchical elemental levels in the play fire, air, water and earth. Melancholy was associated with a congealing of the blood, which also supports the solid reading.In all likelihood it is a deliberate pun on both conditions by the dramatist and Hamlet. Other imagery concerns a barren earth, weed-infested and departed to seed, making the soliloquy an elegy for a world and father lost. Hamlet condemns his mother for lack of delay, and is concerned about her having fallen to incestuous sheets. His attitude to his unfounded father, his mother and his new father are all made clear to the audience here, but we may suspect that he has a habit of caricature and strong passion, confirmed by his use of three names of mythological characters.His reference to the sixth commandment thou shalt not kill and application of it to suicide as well as murder introduces the first of many Christian precepts in the play and shows Hamlet to be concerned about his spiritual state and th e afterlife. Many of the plays images and themes are introduced here, in some cases with their paired opposites Hyperion versus satyr heart versus tongue heaven versus earth things rank and gross in nature memory reason. In Act 1 Scene 5, having heard the Ghosts testimony, Hamlet becomes distressed and impassioned.He is horrified by the behavior of Claudius and Gertrude and is positive(p) he must(prenominal) avenge his fathers murder. This speech is duplicative, contains much tautology, and is fragmented and confused. To reveal his state of shock he uses rhetorical questions, short phrases, dashes and exclamations, and jumps from adequate to(p) to subject. God is invoked three times. The dichotomy between head and heart is mentioned again. In Act 2 Scene 2, Hamlets mood shifts from self-loathing to a object to subdue passion and follow reason, applying this to the testing of the Ghost and his uncle with the play.The first part of the speech mirrors the style of the First Player describing Pyrrhus, with its short phrasing, incomplete lines, melodramatic diction and irregular metre. This is a highly rhetorical speech up to line 585, full of arguments, insults and repetitions of vocabulary, especially the word villain this suggests he is channelling his rage and unpacking his heart with words in this long soliloquy, railing impotently against himself as well as Claudius.He then settles into the gentler and more regular rhythm of thought rather than emotion. The irony being conveyed is that cues for passion do not necessarily produce it in reality in the same way that they do in fiction, and that paradoxically, deep and traumatic picture can take the form of an apparent lack of, or even inappropriate, manifestation. Act 3 Scene 1 was originally the third soliloquy and came ahead the entry of the Players. Some directors therefore place this most famous of soliloquies at II. 2. 71, but this has the effect of making Hamlet appear to be meditating on what he h as just been reading rather than on life in general whereas the Act III scene 1 placing puts the speech at the centre of the play, where Hamlet has suffered further betrayals and has more reason to entertain suicidal thoughts. The speech uses the general we and us, and makes no reference to Hamlets personal situation or dilemma. Although traditionally played as a soliloquy, technically it is not, as Ophelia appears to be overtly present (and in some productions Hamlet addresses the speech directly to her) and Claudius and Polonius are within earshot.At the time this was a standard question (this being a term used in academic disputation, the way the word motion is at one time used in debating) whether it is better to liveunhappily or not at all. As always, Hamlet moves from the particular to the general, and he asks why humans put up with their burdens and form when they have a means of escape with a bare bodkin. Hamlet also questions whether it is better to act or not to act, to be a passive stoic like Horatio or to meet events head on, even if by taking up arms this will lead to ones own death, since they are not to be overcome.There is disagreement by critics (see Rossiter, p. 175) as to whether to take up arms against a sea of troubles ends ones antonym or oneself, but it would seem to mean the latter in the context. Although humans can choose whether to die or not, they have no control over what dreams may come, and this thought deters him from embracing death at this stage. Although death is devoutly to be wished because of its promise of peace, it is to be feared because of its mystery, and reason will always charge us to stick with what we know.Strangely, the Ghost does not seem to count in Hamlets mind as a traveller who re flecks. Given that Hamlet has already concluded that he cannot commit suicide because the Everlasting had fixed/His canon gainst self-slaughter, there is no reason to think he has changed his mind about such a fundamental moral and philosophical imperative. C. S. Lewis claims that Hamlet does not suffer from a fear of dying, but from a fear of being dead, of the cabalistic and unknowable.However, Hamlet later comes to see that this is a false dichotomy, since one can collude with fate rather than try futilely to resist it, and then have nothing to fear. The conscience which makes us all cowards probably means conscience in the modern sense, as it does in catch the conscience of the King. However, its other meaning of thought is equally appropriate, and the double meaning encapsulates the human condition to be capable of reason means inevitably to recognize ones guilt, and both thought and guilt make us fear punishment in the next life.With the exception of Claudius, intermittently and not overridingly, and Gertrude after being schooled by Hamlet, no other character in the play shows evidence of having a conscience in the sense of being able to judge oneself and be self-critical. This has a slower pace th an the previous soliloquies, a higher frequency of adjectives, metaphors, rhythmical repetitions, and regular iambics. Hamlets melancholy and doubt show through in the use of hendiadys, the stress on disease, burdens, pain and weapons, and the generally jaundiced world view.The rub referred to in line 65 is an allusion to an obstacle in a peppy of bowls which deflects the bowl from its intended path, and is yet another indirection metaphor. Act 3 Scene 2, Hamlet feels ready to proceed against the guilty Claudius. He is using the uninventive avenger language and tone in what the Arden edition calls the traditional night-piece apt to prelude a deed of blood. He is aping the previous speakers mode as so often, trying to motivate himself to become a stage villain, by identifying with Lucianus, the nephew to the king.This is the least convincing of his soliloquies because of the crudity of the cliched utterance, and one suspects it is a leftover from an earlier version of the revenge p lay. The emphasis at the end, however, is on avoiding violence and showing concern for his own and his mothers souls his great fear is of being unnatural, behaving as a monster like Claudius. He is, however, impressionable to theatrical performance, as we saw from his reaction to the Pyrrhus/Hecuba speeches earlier, and this carries him through to the slaying of Polonius sooner it wears off and, if we can believe it, A weeps for what is done.This soliloquy creates tension for the audience, who are unsure of how his first private meeting with his mother will turn out and how they will speak to each other. He mentions his heart and soul again. Act 3 Scene 3, Hamlet decides not to kill Claudius while he is praying, claiming that this would send him to heaven, which would not be a fitting punishment for a man who killed his father unprepared for death and sent him to purgatory. For Hamlet revenge must involve justice.It begins with a hypothetical might, as if he has already decided to take no action, confirmed by the single categorical word No in line 87, the most decisive utterance in the play. The usual diction is present heaven, hell, black, villain, poorly(p), soul, heavy, thought, act. Act 4 Scene 4, Hamlet questions why he has delayed, and the nature of man and honor. He resolves again to do the bloody deed. Once again, he is not really alone he has told Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to move away but they are still on stage, following their orders to imbibe him.Despite exhortation and exclamation at the end, this speech excites Hamlets blood for no longer than the previous soliloquies. Though it seems to deprecate passive forbearance and demonstrate the nobility of action by definition one cannot be great if one merely refrains the negative diction of puffed, eggshell, straw, partiality and trick work against the meaning so that it seems ridiculous of Fortinbras to be losing so much to gain so little, and neither Hamlet nor the audience can be persuade d of the alleged honour to be gained.Fortinbras who is not really a delicate and tender prince but a ruthless and militaristic one, leader of a list of lawless resolutes seems positively irresponsible in his willingness to sacrifice 20,000 men for a tiny patch of ground and a personal reputation. Critics dispute whether Hamlet is condemning himself and admiring Fortinbras, having accepted that the way to achieve greatness is to fight and win, like his father, or whether he has now realized how ridiculous the quest for honor is, and that one should count for it to come rather than seek it out.As the Arden editors point out, there is double-think going on, whereby Hamlet insists on admiring Fortinbras while at the same time acknowledging the absurdity of his actions (p. 371). As so often when Hamlet is debating with himself and playing his own devils advocate, the opposite meaning seems to defeat the conscious argument he is trying to present. Lines 53 to 56 are grammatically obsc ure and add to the confusion. What is clear is Hamlets frustration with himself at the beginning of the soliloquy, which the 26 monosyllables comprising lines 4346 powerfully convey.

Cosi hsc practice essay Essay

Discuss how Nowras perspective on personal relationships is conveyed in Cosi. The duck soup Cosi by Louis Nowra is an emotional portrayal of personal relationships in a Melbourne mental institution ostracised by society. throughout the play Nowras perspective on personal relationships develops and changes through character relationships and development, especially the development of the chief(prenominal) protagonist Lewis. Nowra conveys his perspective on personal relationships through themes such as the importance of neck and fidelity, the potency of women and learning and self-development. Techniques such as symbolism, intertextuality and contrast are also used to further highlight Nowras perspective.Nowras perspective on personal relationships is primarily shown through the character Lewis and his personal relationships with other characters in the play, especially in his relationship with his girlfriend Lucy. Act Two, Scene Two which features a confrontation amongst Lewis an d Lucy on their relationship is significant in showing this. In this scene, Lucy comes to pick Lewis up to take him to the moratorium brush and Lewis must decide between staying for the play and going with Lucy. Nowras belief on the importance of the existence of love and fidelity in a relationship is shown when Lewis says to Lucy Its about important things like love and fidelity. Intertextuality is used here through Lewis character development and change of values that is evident in this line. This change occurred through his participation in the production of Cosi Fan Tutte with the patients and his exposure to the themes in the play.The women in twain Cosi Fan Tutte and Cosi are often compared with the Arabian Phoenix which acts a symbol for a womans constancy or fidelity. A womans constancy is like the Arabian Phoenix. Everyone swears it exists, only if no one has seen it. This is quoted by Lewis to Lucy to further convey Nowras belief in the importance of love and fidelity in a relationship. As Cosi was written in a time where a huge neighborly change was occurring and women were beginning to have more sexual freedom with the invention he birth rig pill, a lot of aspects of the play focus on the empowerment of women and the double standards that exist between and women in society especially when it comes to fidelity.This is shown in Nowras contrast of Act Two, Scene One and Act Two, Scene, Two. In Scene One, Lewis is unfaithful as he kisses Julie but in Act Two he reprimands Lucy for quiescence with Nick failing to mention his own infidelities. Intertextuality is used in this scene when Lewis claims that a womans constancy is like the Arabian Phoenix, revealing his hypocrisy.Through Lewis condemnation, Nowra demonstrates that, although modern society has become more sexually lenient, there are still double standards that occur which condone mens fidelity but condemn womens fidelity. It is revealed that Nowra believes that men and women should be eq ual not only in relationships but in society too. Julie articulates the message at the beginning of the play when she says that men want women to deceive them because it will levy their worst thoughts about women which in contrast is confirmed by Lewis attitude towards Lucys infidelities.