Windows Vista Installation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Windows Vista Installation - Assignment Example 9. The computer will then automatically reboot. 10. Now comes a long waiting period, where the installation process configures the system. Again, the exact amount of time will greatly depend on your computer's hardware. 11. After the long wait, the system will then reboot once again. 12. You will think something went wrong because of the relative long time it take the system to display anything besides the black screen, but finally, after a few moments you will note a small colored circle: 13. A few seconds after that you will be prompted to enter a username and password for the first user on the computer. Although the setup program will let you continue without entering a password, note that it is very advisable to enter a password here, and the best option would be to choose a complex password made of at least 8 characters or more (something like P@ssw0rd or MYpa$$w0rd). Make sure you remember it. Type the username: ITStaff and proceed with a password. Also pick your user's display picture. This can be changed later. 14. Pick a name for your computer. The setup program will create one based upon the username you chose in the previous step, but you can change it now (and later). Also pick a background for the user's desktop. This can be changed later. 15. Choose what sort of protection your computer gets. The recommended settings are best for someone that doesn't plan to hide their computer behind a corporate firewall (and even then, in some cases, this would be the best option). If you plan to install a 3rd-party firewall later you can opt to be prompted later. Note that this setting will also have effect on how the computer uses the Microsoft Windows Update (Automatic...Pressing the Advanced button will bring up the following options. 12. You will think something went wrong because of the relative long time it take the system to display anything besides the black screen, but finally, after a few moments you will note a small colored circle: Although the setup program will let you continue without entering a password, note that it is very advisable to enter a password here, and the best option would be to choose a complex password made of at least 8 characters or more (something like P@ssw0rd or MYpa$$w0rd). Make sure you remember it. Type the username: ITStaff and proceed with a password. 15. Choose what sort of protection your computer gets. The recommended settings are best for someone that doesn't plan to hide their computer behind a corporate firewall (and even then, in some cases, this would be the best option). If you plan to install a 3rd-party firewall later you can opt to be prompted later. Note that if the computer was connected to the Internet while installing it, it will automatically download and prompt you to install any missing hotfix or update it finds for the current state of the operating system. Click the Window Icon and then click to open the control panel. In the control panel click on user accounts and then select "Add or remove user accounts" in the sub menu.

Malaysia Essay Example for Free

Malaysia Essay Malaysia was known as â€Å"Suvarnabhumi† to the Indian, Chinese and European traders. Changes of economical factors in Europe in the 18th century pushed European countries such as France , British and Germany to compete against each other to rule a country with unlimited raw materials. The arrival of the foreign rulers changed Malayas economical factor to a whole new system by growing crops like rubber , sugar cane , tobacco , and palm trees in estates own by the Europeans. Between year 1850 and 1874ical and economical order. This is a period of great political, social and economic flux as Malaya grappled with the gradual introduction of British induced capitalism. During this period western coastal Malay States of Perak, Selangor and Negeri Sembilan started to experience unprecedented influx of labour migrants , mainly Chinese and capital from the Straits Settlements that would play a big part in charting the future direction of the political economy of the Malay States. The movement of capital and labour into these states was due to a combination of factors. First, the increase in global tin prices in the mid half of the nineteenth century stimulated Straits merchants interest in prospecting for more of the metal in the tin bearing western coastal Malay States of Perak, Selangor and Negeri Sembilan. Britain’s Peel’s Reform Act of 1842 that reduced duties on imported tin also triggered demands from British manufacturers for cheaper tin ores. Favourable global prices for tin and fresh demands for the metal also coincided with the end of China’s opium war in 1842 that opened Chinese ports and encouraged a large amount of Chinese labour migrants from southern China to make their way to the Southeast Asia and to the ports of the Straits Settlements. Besides the above factors, regional trade competition also made Straits Settlements merchants to increasingly look towards the Malay States for access to new markets. In the 1860s, Straits merchants faced stiff competition as a result of high tariff duties on imported goods imposed by Dutch-controlled East Indies and French controlled China. This growing regional competition coupled with the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 prompted Straits merchants to call on the Straits government to assume some form of control over the Malay States, with some even calling for Britain to take full annexation of these States. The combination of cheap capital and labour that flooded the Malay States after the 1850s, the abundant resources available in these states and the feudal administrative rrangement practiced in the Malay States brought about collaboration between local Malay territorial rulers, Chinese capitalists and Chinese organised labour in the form of Chinese Secret Societies, which signalled the start of a new partnership. Although at this point, British authority did not take a direct role in the running of the state, British influence over the Malay States took the form of intervening in the political and economic affairs of these Malay states whenever some of British protected people and Chinese secret societies faced difficulties in conducting business transaction. Intervention took the form of advising Malay rulers and disputing parties to honour the various contracts and at times urging Malay States to keep their major waterways and the Straits of Malacca safe to facilitate trade. For instance in 1862, Colonel Cavenagh, then Governor of the Straits forced Perak’s Mantri of Larut to pay compensation to a Chinese secret society for contravening a mining contract, failing which the British authority would impose a blockade off the coast of Perak. In the period of 1850 to 1874 was also a time of increased political crisis as Malay rulers fought for control of resources. Economic development sparked rivalry between Malay chiefs to seize control of rich resources which prompted some of these chiefs to collaborate with Chinese bosses and Chinese Secret Societies and at times seek British official sanction in pursuing their claims. It was this combination of events, the presence of various new actors and weaknesses on the part of Malay rulers in managing the political and economic flux that made Malay feudal administration increasingly untenable. Locals used harvested Tin to make weapons and musical instruments such as gongs. At the end of the 18th century, Malaysia rulers such as Long Jaafar , Ngah Ibrahim and Datuk Kelana Putra started the mining of tins using local labours at their personal mines at Selangor and Negeri Sembilan. At the starting of the 19th century, the arrival of the British created a new form of economical system that spreaded across the country very quickly followed by their ruling at main ports , tin mines and rubber plantations making the change of tradisional ecomic into a more mordern way. At the early 20th century, British nationals introduced Rubber plantations to Malaya. Rubber trees were formerly used as decorations at the yard of Hugh Low Residence in Kuala Kangsar,Perak. Following by the high demand of rubber around the world, rubber plantation became the main trading in Malaya ran by companies like Harrisons and Crossfield and Sime Darby. Between year 1929 and 1932, disaster struck as rubber price were hitting rock bottom causing Malaya to face a disastorous economy downfall but was later in a stable condition at 1934. Since then, Malaya had been using the economical system taught by the British until this very day. This form of economical factor had made things more easy and modern. The economy of Malaysia is a growing and relatively open state-oriented. In 2012, the economy of Malaysia was the 3rd largest economy in South East Asia and 29th largest economy in the world. In 1991, former Prime Minister of Malaysia, Mahathis bin Mohamad outlined his ideal â€Å"VISION 2020† in which Malaysia would become a self-sufficient industrialized nation by 2020.

Mother Courage Essay -- essays research papers

Mother Courage   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It’s always important to be touched. Writers know and understand this idea. Whether the audience feels good or bad about whom or what you present is not as important as the fact that they feel something. Bertolt Brecht’s Mother Courage and Her Children is a perfect example of a work that doesn’t leave us in very high spirits but touches us in such a way that it becomes even more powerful than if it had.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout the play the title character, Mother Courage, is presented to us in such a way that the reader is usually left not knowing how to feel. We have with two choices. On the one hand she can be a money grubbing, self concerned woman who only cares about herself and those directly related to her money. On the other hand she can be considerate and caring mother who only wants to protect her children. It’s an issue the reader wrestles with many times over the course of the play.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If you take everything at face value it seems that all Mother Courage is driven by is profit. But then one has to think . . . What’s is her motive? Is it her children? Are we completely misinterpreting Mother Courage’s intentions? Consider this: Mother Courage throughout the war does what she can to keep her daughter Kattrin â€Å"innocent.† Now as awful as it sounds prostitution is a pretty lucrative business. If Mother Courage was only driven by profit wouldn’t she decide that maybe selling Kattrin...

Imagination in Romantic Poetry Essay

A large part of those extracts on Romantic imagination – which are contained in the fascicule on pages D64 and D65 – are strictly related to an ancient theory about Art and Reality’s imitation, the Theory of Forms concieved by a Classical Greek philosopher, mathematician Plato – in Greek: ÃŽ  ÃŽ »ÃŽ ¬Ãâ€žÃâ€°ÃŽ ½, Plà ¡tÃ… n, â€Å"broad†; from 424/423 BC to 348/347 BC. The Theory of Forms – in Greek: á ¼ °ÃŽ ´ÃŽ ­ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ¹ – typically refers to the belief expressed by Socrates in some of Plato’s dialogues, that the material world as it seems to us is not the real world, but only an image or copy of the real world. Socrates spoke of forms in formulating a solution to the problem of universals. The forms, according to Socrates, are roughly speaking archetypes or abstract representations of the many types of things, and properties we feel and see around us, that can only be perceived by reason – in Greek: ÃŽ »ÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ³ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ºÃŽ ® – that is, they are universals. In other words, Socrates sometimes seems to recognise two worlds: the Apparent world, which constantly changes, and an unchanging and unseen world of forms, which may be a cause of what is apparent. This theory is proposed in different ways in Blake’s, Coleridge’s Shelley’s extracts. The former says that â€Å"This world of Imagination is the world of Eternity† (A Vision of the Last Judgement, 1810) a place which resembles to a sort of otherworldly realm where â€Å"Exist [†¦] the Permanent Realities of Every Thing (the Form) which we see reflected in this Vegetable Glass of Nature (the Apparent world)†. A similar thing is exposed by Samuel Coleridge an english romantic poet who divides Imagination in Primary and Secondary. The former is â€Å"the living Power and prime Agent of all human Perception, and as a repetition in the finite mind of the eternal act of creation in the infinite†, the latter is an echo of the former who â€Å"diss olves, diffuses, dissipates, in order to re-create† (Biographia Literaria, 1817) a thing which is totally different from Fancy. Even in Shelley the poetry is presented as â€Å"something of divine [†¦] not like reasoning† (A Defence of Poetry, 1821) which beholds as the poet, the present, the past, and the future. In Keats and Wordsworth the poetry became â€Å"the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings [originating] from emotion recollected in tranquillity† (Preface to Lyrical Ballads) and the poet â€Å"the most unpoetical of any thing in existence; because he has no Identity† (A Letter to Richard Woodhouse, October 27th 1818). So Art is imitation, a feature of both of Plato’s theories. In the Republic, Plato says that art imitates the objects and events of ordinary life. In other words, a work of art is a copy of a copy of a Form. It is even more of an illusion than is ordinary experience. On this theory, works of art are at best entertainment, and at worst a delusion. This theory actually appears in Plato’s short early dialogue, the Ion. Socrates is questioning a poet named Ion, who recites Homer’s poetry brilliantly but is no good at reciting anything else. Socrates is puzzled by this; it seems to him that if Ion has an art, or skill, of reciting poetry he should be able to apply his skilled knowledge to other poets as well. He concludes that Ion doesn’t really possess skilled knowledge. Rather, when he recites Homer, he must be inspired by a god. The Ion drips with sarcasm. Plato didn’t take the â€Å"art by divine inspiration† theory very seriously. But many ancient, medieval, and modern artists and aestheticians have found it irresistible.

Halloween & Christmas? Similar or Different? Essay

When you think about Christmas and Halloween you think that they are two completely different holidays. But are they really, are they completely different or are they the same thing just celebrated at different times in the year. Well thats what we are going to find out. Christmas celebrated on December 25 and Halloween celebrated on October 31 very unique holidays with many questions to be answered. Lets start with Halloween since that comes first in the year. Halloween is a holiday celebrated at night on October 31st. The word Halloween is shortening All Hallows’ Evening also known as Hallowe’en or All Hallows’ Eve. The traditional activities include trick-or-treating, bonfires, costume parties, visiting â€Å"haunted houses† and carving or painting pumpkins into jack-o-lanterns. Irish and Scottish immigrants carried versions of the tradition to North America in the nineteenth century. Other western countries embrace the holiday in the late twentieth century including Ireland, the United States, Canada, Puerto Rico and the United Kingdom as well as Australia and New Zealand. The ancient Gaels believed that on October 31, the boundaries between the worlds of the living and the dead overlapped and the deceased would come back to life and cause havoc such as sickness or damaged crops. The countries this scary holiday is celebrated in are; Austria, Korea , Belgium, Mexico (day of the dead), Canada, Latin America, China, Spain, Sweden, Czechoslovakia, England, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Ireland, and Japan. Christmas is both a sacred religious holiday and a worldwide cultural and commercial phenomenon. For two millennia, people around the world have been observing it with traditions and practices that are both religious and secular in nature. Christians celebrate Christmas Day as the anniversary of the birth of Jesus of Nazareth, a spiritual leader whose teachings form the basis of their religion. Popular customs include exchanging gifts, decorating Christmas trees, attending church, sharing meals with family and friends and, of course, waiting for Santa Claus to arrive. December 25–Christmas Day–has been a federal holiday in the United States since 1870.

How to bond with your employees without compromising your authorityÂÂ

How to bond with your employees without compromising your authority   Authority and power are complex issues that come with the task of being a manager. In the workplace, the ability to hire, fire, and give raises sets the power dynamic between employees and bosses. But while power and authority are clearly linked, authority is a bit murkier to define- it relies on the established relationship between employees and their bosses and can be built over years and lost in an instant. Bonding with your employees and projecting authority are not mutually exclusive. In fact, the two things are much closer than one might think.Here are a few ways you might develop both leadership traits.Establish an atmosphere of mutual respectAuthority doesn’t come automatically with a job title. It is earned when managers are clearly knowledgeable and competent, and when they get results. But you can’t get those results without team effort- and your interaction with employees plays a vital role in establishing authority. In order to truly lead a team, you need t o earn trust and establish an atmosphere of mutual respect with employees. If you find yourself pounding on your desk and engaging in intimidation tactics, chances are you are trying to assert authority rather than earn it. But if you build a base of shared respect, then bonding with employees will grow your authority rather than diminish it.Take an interest in your employeesYou don’t want to invite daily gab sessions or become a shoulder to cry on, but being responsive to employees and really listening can help foster your authority. Simple things like knowing where your employees went to college, or the names of their family members, or their personal interests and hobbies, can help you understand their motivations and actions at work and help establish basic respect. This type of bonding also fosters a working relationship that can open the channels of communication so that when your employees have a good idea, they can reach out. This way you can be the boss employees wan t to listen to and will trust to follow.Be a real personSo, can you drink a beer with your employees and just be a regular person? Sure. But you can’t drink too much or share too much personal information. Letting employees see that you’re a real person with your own life and interests outside of work does not compromise your authority, but is part of that two-way street of building mutual respect. Social settings like the office party can help you bond while keeping it professional.hbspt.cta.load(2785852, '9e52c197-5b5b-45e6-af34-d56403f973c5', {});Set boundariesAfter you relax with employees at an office party or talk up your golf game, you need to be clear when it’s time to focus back on work. The afternoon progress meeting is not the place to shoot the breeze, so take care to establish the atmosphere you want with a simple, firm-yet-kind acknowledgment of when it’s time to get back to business.Head off problem employeesOccasionally there will be the e mployee who can’t separate the friendly boss from the friend and switch gears back to work-mode. If you find an employee becoming overly familiar, too joking, or disrespectful, this is where your authority needs to put its foot down. Nipping a problem in the bud is best, and opening the channels of communication with the individual employee can turn the situation around.Bonding with your employees, when done the right way, can actually help you gain authority. It can take years to cultivate but largely stems from you setting appropriate boundaries and maintaining genuine interest in your employees as people. So ask yourself: are you approachable, or intimidating? And which do you think will get better results?

George Orwells 1984, Anthony Burgess A Clockwork Orange, and Siegfried Sassoons The Hero Essays

George Orwells 1984, Anthony Burgess A Clockwork Orange, and Siegfried Sassoons The Hero Essays George Orwells 1984, Anthony Burgess A Clockwork Orange, and Siegfried Sassoons The Hero Paper George Orwells 1984, Anthony Burgess A Clockwork Orange, and Siegfried Sassoons The Hero Paper Essay Topic: 1984 George orwell Literature A dystopia does not pretend to be good, while an anti-utopia appears to be utopian or was intended to be so, but a fatal flaw or malefactor has perverted it (Maven Word of the day). Far to often these two terms are thought to be synonymous. Although they are similar, as said in the quotation above, there is a difference between dystopias and anti-utopias. The concept of an anti-utopia is quite prevelant in George Orwells 1984, Anthony Burgess A Clockwork Orange, and Siegfried Sassoons The Hero. The lifestyle somebody leads may seem to people to be acceptable, fun, or even create the illusion of a utopia, when in actuality their actions either wind up hurting themselves or the ones they love. The danger of false allies can also tie in with this concept; somebody who is making a character feel safe, may actually be a person who would do nothing to hinder the characters demise, or even be the one plotting it. Characters take actions that they think will improve their situations, but deluded by hubris they often cannot. Rather than free them their actions put them in jeopardy. : The protagonist of each work I discuss, Winston in 1984, Alex in A Clockwork Orange, and Jack in The Hero deludes himself that he can create a utopia when in reality in each case misguided actions lead to death or imprisonment. The feeling of leading a self-beneficial lifestyle is often a misleading one. For example in the poem The Hero, Jack, who is the war hero in the poem, decides to go away to war. Jack fell as hed have wished, the mother said. (Sassoon, S. The Hero) This quote is expressing Jacks patriotism, and how he wished to die for his country. This also implies that Jack was excited to go to war, and viewed it as a positive thing, or even fun, to go and fight for his country. When he got there he was nothing but horrified, this is made obvious in this passage from the poem: He thought how Jack, cold-footed, useless swine/ Had panicked down the trench that night the mine. The battlefield was initially viewed as a glorious place to be, and an excellent way to serve your country, but in actuality is a horrifying, dreadful place that will do nothing but generate violence, and many senseless deaths. In saying this, this was is a place made out to be a utopia, but in actuality, it is an anti-utopia. In A Clockwork Orange the main character, Alex leads his life of crime knowing that nothing bad will come happen to him, because he has his droogies behind him. Not only his close circle, but also people around the town willing to create an alibi for him and his friends. He loves his criminal lifestyle simply because it feels good. It is not for the money that he does these horrible things, it is simply for the pleasure it gives him. Anything that gives somebody that much freedom, and that much pleasure is clearly a perfect world to them. This was Alexs perfect world. Oh just keep walking I said. And viddy what turns up, oh my little brothers. (Burgess, A. 6) Here Alex is assuring his droogs that they will be able to perform some ultra-violence that night. This illustrates how much they love this life of crime and that the four of them get gratification from their violent acts. While being violent, committing rape, and dishing out horrorshow tolchocks, these kids feel invincible. Little to Alexs knowledge, his acts will eventually lead to him being beaten by his victims, and tortured by the very people he hurts to in the construction of his own apparent utopia. This of course would change his little world from a place where everything is perfect, to a place where things only seem to be as such, and actually are horrible for little Alex. People begin to turn on him, and he loses his control over his droogies and society. At this point even his closest friends are contemplating a mutiny in their group. Once Alex is reformed, and unable to commit the ugly deeds that used to give him so much pleasure, he is still viewed by society as a hell-raising monster. People that he has done wrong unto in the past seek out revenge upon him. Even his parents have replaced him, and have a lodger living in his bed. Alexs actions that used to bring him such great joy are now the cause of his great emotional and physical pain. In 1984 the protagonist Winston Smith, is a very depressed fellow, due to the oppression of his government. He, much like Jack from The Hero, and Alex from A Clockwork Orange, chooses not to follow a boring lifestyle. Instead he searches for something that will bring them some excitement and happiness, something that will give them the illusion of a perfect world. Winston however seeks love out as his saviour from the cage that is life in 1984. He meets a girl named Julia, and he falls in love with her. Of course he never shows this in public, out of fear that a telescreen, or the thought police may see him. Once he meets this girl, she changes him; she gives him the incentive to rebel and have fun. He becomes very interested in the secret brotherhood, and the demise of the INGSOC party. When speaking to OBrien, whom Winston suspects runs the brotherhood, Winston says: We believe that there is some kind of conspiracy, some kind of secret organisation working against the party, and that you are involved in it. We want to join it and work for it. We are enemies of the party. (Orwell, G. 177) This only shows how intent he is on escaping his life of imprisonment, and to attain some amount of freedom. He spills out his beliefs in hopes that OBrien shares them, when if he didnt, it would be the end of Winston, the thought police would take him away. He wants so badly for this brotherhood to be real that he acts as though it is, even when the consequences could be fatal. When the telescreen is turned off, Winston feels free to say what he wants. This has created an anti-utopia. This is an anti-utopia because Winston thinks he is safe from the eyes of the party, but really he is being watched, and OBrien is a member of the thought police. This belief in his temporary perfect world leads to his capture by the thought police. Just as Jack believed his world was perfect, and Alex believed his world was perfect, their over confidence in their lifestyles leads to the end of them. Often individuals can be lured into anti-utopias by people who give them a false sense of security. These people are called false allies. In all three of the pieces of literature being discussed, the protagonist has false allies who lead to their demise. In The Hero Jack went away to war, with hopes of serving his country, and making a difference. During WWI there was a lot of propaganda making going away to war look like a fun thing to do, and not only that, but the right thing to do. There were no warnings that one may die at war, or that it was a dangerous thing to do. The government, and the army, who are ones who created this propaganda, created a anti-utopia for the soldiers, making them think that they were going away to have fun, and to fight for their country. In reality, these men were going away to live with diseases and poverty, and would most likely die. how hed tried/ To get sent home, and how, at last, he died/ Blown to small bits. And no one seemed to care (Sassoon, S. The Hero) This quote shows how little the government and the officers cared about the soldiers, all they cared about was getting a lot of them. They had no interest in their well being. They led the young soldiers to their deathbed, by advertising the war as something positive and glorious, and not warning people of the risks. In A Clockwork Orange, Alex encounters many false allies; probably the best example of this is Dr. Branom and Dr. Brodsky. Prior to Alex being exposed to the awful films and torture that they give him, they make this new treatment out to be nothing but a quicker way to get out of jail and to be reformed. When Alex asks what is in store for him, they never tell him that it is going to be painful, or how it will affect him. Alex asks what the new treatment consists of and Dr. Branom simply answers Its quite simple, really. We just show you some films. (Burgess, A. 73) Although this is not a lie per-se, because they do show him films, it is very misleading. Branom makes it sound as though he is just going to watch a couple of nice movies. Really the films Alex is going to watch are ones that will torture him, make him sick to his stomach, and take away his free will. The two doctors did not care about the mental or physical health of Alex; they only cared about making a name for themselves, and making advancements in science. The misleading information that they gave to Alex made the treatment appeal to him, and so he went through with it. He had trust in these doctors, and believed they had saved him from the awful prison and brought him to a better place. I lay on the bed thinking this was like real heaven (Burgess, A. 74). This is a quote by the narrator, Alex, speaking about this new facility he was in, the doctors made him think that this place was great, in hopes that he would help them in their research. Their plan works. They had duped Alex into thinking that they were his allies, thus an anti-utopia was created. He had signed papers and now he was theirs to do with whatever they wanted. In 1984, Winston finds a junk shop where he can buy things from the past, and try to figure out what went on before the rule of INGSOC and Big Brother. Inside this shop, was a humble, and caring little shop owner, by the name of Mr. Charrington. This man seems to support Winston, and his rebellious life-style, and empathises with his hate for the party. He gains Winstons trust by showing him the room upstairs. When Charrington takes Winston to the upstairs. Winston observes: Theres no telescreen! he could not help murmuring. Ah said the old man, I never had one of those things. (Orwell, G. 100-101) By telling Winston that there is no telescreen, he implies that Winston is safe, and this room could be somewhat of a sanctuary for him. This leads Winston into later renting the room out and living there with his mistress. In actuality there is a telescreen in this room, it is just hidden behind a picture. Also, M r. Charrington is actually not the kindly old man he makes himself out to be. He is nothing more than a deceitful, dishonest pawn used by Big Brother to catch Winston and Julia. Charrington pretending to be a comrade and an ally of Winstons leads him into becoming over confident thinking he is free from all worries in his room, and eventually being detained and brainwashed by the thought police in the ministry of love. Going away to war can be viewed as an act of confidence. You would never go anywhere where there were to be deaths, if you were thinking you were going to be the one dying. Therefore I can conclude that when Jack went off to war, he probably was confident that his country was far superior, and he was to come out unharmed. Overconfident people are more likely to wage in war, but fare worse in the ensuing battles mentally healthy people can have highly optimistic predictions, or positive illusions in present day, optimism may wreak havoc on international relations (Khamsi, R. Overconfidence is a Disadvantage at War) When Jack was in the trenches, it was not at all what he had expected. He was not prepared for such a gruesome experience. The fact that he was ill prepared for war, made him panic. Had panicked down the trench that night the mine/ Went up at Wicked Corner; how hed tried/ To get sent home, and how, at last, he died (Sassoon, S. The Hero) This passage tells about how Jack panicked in the trenches, and died because of it. Since his ill preparation was due to his over confidence, and his panic due to his ill preparation, and his death due to his panic, it was Jacks own hubris that killed him. He had created a perfect world of heroic adventures for himself in his mind, and then when he was actually in this world, it was one of horrible terrifying experiences, thus an anti-utopia. Jack, like Alex, and Winston, had embraced the utopian idea that he could control the world around him and, like the others, is destroyed when it becomes clear that he in fact has no control over his situation. Alex, after having his authority questioned the night before, in a heated discussion sparked when he struck the largest of his three droogies, he wanted to show why he was the boss. He and his three droogs had decided to do some ultra violence on an old ladys home. After a failed attempt at getting her to open the door by pretending they had a wounded man with them, Alex decided he would gain entry another way. He told his droogs he would get in, and then open the door for them, so they could all partake in the ultra violence. Once Alex got inside, he was having second thoughts about his plan. I thought to myself that I would show these fickle and worthless droogs of mine that I was worth the whole three of them and more. I would do all on my oddy knocky. I would perform the old ultra-violence on the starry ptitsa and on her pusspots if need be, then I would take fair rookerfuls of what looked like real polezny stuff and go waltzing to the front door and open up showering gold and silver on my waiting droogs. They must learn all about leadership. (Burgess, A. 46) This is an example of Alex getting cocky, which he did quite often, however, this time Alex did not achieve the outcome he expects. Without his droogies with him, Alex had no backup. When he tried to attack the homeowner, he slipped in a saucer of her cats milk, and he was caught off guard. He was beaten about the head, and it was quite hard for him to overcome the woman. Although he did win the battle, when he went to flee, the police had shown up, and his so called droogs had left him all on his oddy knocky for the police to pick him up. Had Alex not been so cocky, and let his droogs in as planned, the job would have gone smoother, and he would have gotten away in time. Instead he figured things would be perfect if he went in all alone, and did this by himself. He failed to see the downfall of his plan, all he saw was what could go right, making this situation seem somewhat of a utopia, he would get to perform ultra violence, and he would gain the respect of his droogies back. What Alex didnt see was what actually happened, he was blind to the downfalls of his plan, making this situation actually an anti-utopia. Alexs own hubris led him to being incarcerated by the police, and eventually brainwashed. Unlike Alex, who delighted in brutal, theatrical public self-assertion, Winston had always been a very secretive person. Winston had always been a very secretive person, living in the shadows, fearing and knowing, that the telescreens would one day catch him either writing in his diary, or perhaps doing something even more severe. Winston could hide from it long enough to write in his diary even though he knew he would get caught eventually(No Listed Author, Satire In 1984) After he learned of the room above Mr. Charringtons shop that had no telescreen, he believed he had found a safe haven. He and Julia knew that they were safe there; because there was no way that the party could be watching them. They did everything and anything the party was against here, they were free to do whatever their heart desired. This room was their getaway place, somewhere where everything was perfect, they believed it to be their utopia. But we must remember that the word Utopia comes from the Greek word meaning no place or place that does not exist. This was far to good to be true. One day while having a conversation in the room they heard a voice, a cold strong voice saying You are the dead. This startled them, and they were instantly stiff with fear. It was then that the picture of a church fell and they saw a telescreen. They then realized that this whole time there had been a telescreen present, they were being watched this whole time. They also then realized that Mr. Charrington was part of the thought police. The two lovers were then brought to the ministry of love, and brainwashed. There little room was an anti-utopia, it seemed to be a utopia, but it was actually quite the opposite. Hubris led to the inevitable demise of these two lovers, they were too confident in their safe haven, and too content to realize it was too good to be true. Confidence was their tragic downfall, just as it was for Alexand Jack Is utopia a place where crimes against humanity are committed? Is utopia a place where people cant choose what to do with their lives? Is a utopia a place where there is no love? Every attempt humans have made to reach a perfect world, has been pointless. Perfection doesnt exist. Utopias dont exist. (No Listed Author, The Strange Utopia of The Giver) This supports what is said in the above essay, utopias are true to their Greek meaning, place that does not exist because they do not exist. If one disagrees and believes that they are living in a utopia, it results from either over confidence or being misled by the false claims of others or both. Rather than striving for utopias we must strive to be as aware of our surrounding as possible to prepare for and ideally minimize the dangers that are always a part of human existence and exist within any social system.

Ethics in Law Enforcement Essay Sample

Ethics in Law Enforcement Essay Sample Ethics in Law Enforcement Essay One similarity between ethics and the rule of law are their origins. Even before we have conceptualized what is considered as a written law, or even coined the term ethics, our ancestors have always known the idea of mores or laws which are the very foundation of what is right or what is wrong. Nevertheless, these mores are not exactly enforced or are just about for certain members of the society, even if people knew that doing do is not right. An example of this could be slavery. For hundreds if not thousands of years, slavery is deemed acceptable and also practiced in most parts of the world. This idea is even inscribed in written laws, saying that slavery and forced work is mandatory for individuals who are considered slaves, but not for royalties. In those times, the concept of being unethical and law enforcement is not exactly questioned by mores (right not to die) – since our ancestors have not yet recovered it in their subconscious – and thus are both considered as enforced by law and ethical. However, as time goes by and the intellectual machine of millions and millions of tinkers and scholars who have tapped into the subconscious have combined together to questions these other beliefs, the convergence of the rule of law, ethics, and mores have been inevitable. What this means is that today, what is considered a basic right (more: the right to live) is also enforced by the law and consequently, what is deemed ethical (by following it). In line with this, many people today believe that the statements contained in our rule of law are also what is considered as ethical for everybody and the continued existence of society. However, just as any system established by humans, even the rule of law has its own lapses and one of them is the process of law enforcement. As seen in the news that circulates mass media today, there are cases where law enforcers such as policemen and military have undermined the rights of individuals and have violated these people while in service. In most of these cases, the conflict that happened is due to differences in races, religions, beliefs, or even gender. These puts forward the question of how ethical is law enforcement today, since at times, fulfilling these duties almost equates to doing things which fall outside what is ethical. Nevertheless, what is amusing is how flexible and adaptive law is in addressing these issues. Ever since the beginning of time, our laws have adjusted to accommodate everyone and anyone as well as everything that humans should be concerned about. And, because of the recent commotions and distress about the events which are considered unethical, this flexibility has translated to additional laws and regulations which have been added so that law enforcers could not simply circumvent t hem and rationalize their unethical doings. An example of this law added states that any violence done to anyone, which is unnecessary and which is tied to reasons that include racial differences is punishable by dismissal from office as well as imprisonment. Based on this what is apparent is that as we grow and continue our existence here on this planet, the systems that we’ve made are now becoming more and more similar to the mores that existed above of us. So, today, these mores depicted above, are what is considered as ethical, and therefore both the rule of law and law enforcement must strive to replicate them in order to be considered as so. And hopefully, time will finally come when both the rule of law and its enforcement become completely similar as the mores for which they are based on.

Macro Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Macro Economics - Essay Example This depicts that a greater percentage of the citizens in that country are striving to be in better places and constantly improving the state of the country through the concept of invisible hand. In India the economic condition is not that stable. This is because only a smaller portion of the population strives to make ends meet while a greater percentage is always dragging the country backwards economically because they don’t work hard and deliver. This is very challenging since the economy is always torn in an imbalanced proportion. Studies from economists behind this theory argue that it developed an idea of a subsistence level to model the theory. The economists claimed that if real Gross Domestic Product rose above this subsistence level of income, it would cause the population to increase and bring real gross domestic product back down to the subsistence level. In India the population is extremely high and this means that the real gross domestic product is always above the subsistence level of income thus bringing the gross domestic product back down to the subsistence level. The opposite happens in the United States of America and that is why the gross domestic product there is far better than that for India. Strong economic growth rate cannot be positive to high population growth. This is because when the population increases, resources for economic growth will be limited. This will therefore hinder growth in the economy due to the imbalance. This defect or problem can be prevented by factors such as controlling population growth by implementing birth policies. The birth rate should be moderate to make the resources adequate for the country3. When the country has a poor or weak growth rate it is a big hindrance to the economic growth. This is because there will be inadequate labor force in various organizations in the country. Labor is a fundamental factor of production and should therefore be supplied adequately in an economy. To offset this

Taoism a way of being or a way of becoming Essay

Taoism a way of being or a way of becoming - Essay Example Yang Chu's thought has traditionally been connected with Taoism and considered a development of the thought contained in the Tao Te Ching. Yet Mencius, who attacked the teachings of Yang Chu, never mentioned Lao Tzu in his works. Lao Tan, a wise old man who epitomized the ancient Tao, was aware of all the ancient rites held by Confucians to be the culmination of order and civilization. As it turned out, this man taught the virtues of softness and yielding, of ignorance and non-exertion, which did not quite harmonize with the Confucian enthusiasm for knowledge and form, for rites and fame. It also explained as to why Ssu-ma Ch'ien, a professed Confucian, fully aware that in his own time Taoism and Confucianism had developed into different, rival, schools, included the meeting of Lao Tzu and Confucius in both biographies. (Isabellee, 1997) The tradition that Confucius learned rites from Lao Tzu could have been perpetrated by the Confucians. Being historically minded, they had to show that their emphasis on ritual had deep roots in a venerated figure like Lao Tzu, the old master. In recent years a surge of academic interest in religious Taoism is witnessed towards its contribution to the development of Chinese science, and its rituals and practices like Girardot, Kaltenmark, Lagerwey and Welsh, etc. Though both are rooted in archaic Chinese religion, religious Taoism is a very different phenomenon from philosophical Taoism. Philosophical Taoism raised the ancient Chinese worldview to the level of thought. As a way of thinking it is clearly distinguishable from Confucianism, Mohism, Legalism, and other schools of thought in ancient China. Religious Taoism, on the other hand, is amorphous throughout its career. Tracing its roots to the practices of ancient shamans and diviners, as an organized religion it came into existence in the 2nd century A.D. The only indigenous religion of China which, incorporates in its development whatever enters the Chinese religious orbit. (Isabelle, 1997) It appropriated all the philosophical Taoist texts, including the Tao Te Chi ng and the Chuang Tzu, which become its sacred scriptures. But what are poetical musings and metaphysical reflections in these texts now become theory and dogma. Its most fervent search and promise are long life and immortality. While it reveres the author of the Tao Te Ching as its spiritual founder, it adopts the Yin-Yang and five-phase theory from the Yin Yang school, believes with Mo Tzu that heaven possesses conscious will, adopts Confucian ethics, and includes many Buddhist teachings and rituals. As a result the religious Taoist canon grew to thousands of volumes, for the study of all aspects of Chinese culture. Relationship between Taoism and Lao Tzu's Central Teaching The direct relationship between

Market Segmentation and the Disintegration of an Entire Market Assignment - 7

Market Segmentation and the Disintegration of an Entire Market - Assignment Example Demographic Variables concern the characteristics of customers, for instance, marital status, gender, age, occupation, income, education, and religion among others. Market segmentation can also be done on geographical variables deals with the regional placement of customers for instance countries, states, and urban centers while behavioral variables concerns brand loyalty, product usage rate, and willingness to purchase (Cahill, 7). Initially, Starbucks targeted the entire coffee market and but tried to differentiate its coffee by developing fitting personal service and thus the Starbucks Experience. It also applied Geographical Segmentation principle by distributing it's over 17,000 outlets in different countries. The principle of market targeting requires a business to recognize the diversity of its customers and thus should offer them diverse services or goods that meet their varied tastes. The firm should be able to move at the same pace as the demands of consumers changes. The Starbucks experience first changed due to its attempts to meet the dynamic needs of the ever-increasing number of customers. It had to reconstitute its operations, as well as open new coffee outlets in potential market segments. After realizing that the business was losing most of its customers to the competitors, Schult came up with new policies for strategizing the future of the organization. It was no longer appealing to the traditional customer, thus lost its specialty, and finally became different. Starbucks now aims at meeting the unique and ever-changing needs of its customers. Stiff competition from other coffee houses forced the company to change the brand of their products in order to differentiate them from those offered by the competitors. The firm is now more focused on the benefits that customers will generate from consuming its coffee, which includes personal satisfaction, quality services beyond the  customers’ expectations, timely delivery of services amongst others.

The Royal Tenenbaums -movie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Royal Tenenbaums -movie - Essay Example was my friends’ reviews that had made me dislike the movie, but then I figured out that the reason was the lack of adventure and eccentricity in the film which was something that I had expected from Wes Anderson. I had Rushmore, amongst others, as a trademark for Anderson’s movies and this one was just not as thrilling as its predecessors. As things turned out, I was forced to watch this movie again after a few months- this time with my family, and I must say it was a totally different experience. The movie showcases one of the best in the art genre with perfection abound in everything ranging from dialogue delivery to the sets and the overall theme. The story offers a unique blend of comedy and drama and revolves around a dysfunctional patriarch, Royal who is forced into unfortunate consequences despite the success of his children. The story takes a turn when, in an attempt to re-win the love of his former wife, Royal fakes up an illness and makes a comeback into his wife’s and children’s’ lives. The plot marks the death of Royal and life moves on the in the Tenenbaums family. As I watched the movie, I could not have imagined anyone else in Hackman’s place play Royal’s character. The struggle shown between his ill intentions and good doing is remarkable and effortless. As common sense would suggest, situations cannot be mended and troubles averted once a lot of time has elapsed. Anderson defies this logic in the movie by demonstrating how it’s never late to set things right. Love must be appreciated even if it comes from an ill-hearted character such as Royal’s because life is too short for

The Dangers of Police Work Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Dangers of Police Work - Research Paper Example Most frequently, they respond to ‘unknown disturbances or problems’ whereby a person may be asking for help but the police officer does not actually know what he/she is to expect or he/she is not able to gather more information regarding the situation (Dempsey & Forst, 2007). The duties of police officers involve operating in various kinds of circumstances, with much of their work being outdoors walking the beats assigned to them or riding in patrol cars. Their work is deemed extraordinarily dangerous – while carrying out their duties, some police officers are wounded or even killed. Police work can entail horrid tasks, which expose them to dangerous, sordid or depressing situations. They may be required to deal with all kinds of people in diverse situations. These dangers are usually traumatic for the police officers as well as their family members. Generally, police work holds the potential for the unpredicted and the unknown, and most individuals who take on this job possess a strong commitment and passion for it. Police work may involve being on duty 24 hours a day – even when not on call, the law requires a police officer to respond to criminal activity or to emergencies, during which no consideration is made for time of day or night o r even weather conditions (Ferguson, 2007). Gaines and Miller (2007) explain that the dangers of police work are both physical and mental/psychological. They indicate that according to the United States’ Justice Department policing is one of the most dangerous jobs in the US with 261 of every 1000 officers’ targets of non-fatal violence annually. Between the year 2003 and 2004, over three hundred police officers were murdered in the line of duty. They further assert that police work, in addition to physical dangers, involves considerable mental stress and pressure. The United States’ Bureau of Labor Statistics indicates that together with being a surgeon, firefighting, driving a taxi,

Visual Journalist Websites Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Visual Journalist Websites - Research Paper Example All the photographers seem interested in imagery that combines giving their photos life as well as motion. I spent an average of 5 minutes on websites created by Tatu Blomqvist, Jody MacDonald, and Jack Gruber since still imagery did not attract my attention that much (thomasboyd 2). In contrast, I spent an average of 10 minutes on Ami Vitale’s Website and 20 minutes on Thomas’s website since the overall pictorial display attracted my attention due to the amount of creativity implemented in designing slideshows displayed in the WebPages. After pasting the names of the photographers individually on Google, I noticed a specific trend that every artist has links to several social networking sites such as Twitter, Facebook, and LinkedIn. The artists have a high dependency on the social sites in order to popularize their work as well as their hosting websites (jody macdonald photography 1). A closer look revealed that all the artists had posted their profiles and portfolios on these sites in a bid to increase their visibility to potential clients. It a good way of interacting with fellow enthusiasts of photography as well as marketing their skills and previous work that is ready for sale. If I was to design my own website based on the format implemented by the above photography artists, I would include more links to my profile in order to market my skills in the trade to potential clients (Vitale 2). In addition, I would also include an online subscriber’s log that can allow funs of my work to view and download photos for their own personal consumption (Gruber 1). This will help me to monitor the traffic directed to my websites as a way of gauging its popularity among photography lovers. Lastly, I would include a safe billing system on the website that can allow online shoppers to pay for their purchases using their credit

The Dangers of Police Work Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Dangers of Police Work - Research Paper Example Most frequently, they respond to ‘unknown disturbances or problems’ whereby a person may be asking for help but the police officer does not actually know what he/she is to expect or he/she is not able to gather more information regarding the situation (Dempsey & Forst, 2007). The duties of police officers involve operating in various kinds of circumstances, with much of their work being outdoors walking the beats assigned to them or riding in patrol cars. Their work is deemed extraordinarily dangerous – while carrying out their duties, some police officers are wounded or even killed. Police work can entail horrid tasks, which expose them to dangerous, sordid or depressing situations. They may be required to deal with all kinds of people in diverse situations. These dangers are usually traumatic for the police officers as well as their family members. Generally, police work holds the potential for the unpredicted and the unknown, and most individuals who take on this job possess a strong commitment and passion for it. Police work may involve being on duty 24 hours a day – even when not on call, the law requires a police officer to respond to criminal activity or to emergencies, during which no consideration is made for time of day or night o r even weather conditions (Ferguson, 2007). Gaines and Miller (2007) explain that the dangers of police work are both physical and mental/psychological. They indicate that according to the United States’ Justice Department policing is one of the most dangerous jobs in the US with 261 of every 1000 officers’ targets of non-fatal violence annually. Between the year 2003 and 2004, over three hundred police officers were murdered in the line of duty. They further assert that police work, in addition to physical dangers, involves considerable mental stress and pressure. The United States’ Bureau of Labor Statistics indicates that together with being a surgeon, firefighting, driving a taxi,

Dram Job Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dram Job - Essay Example In this regard, this paper discusses my dream job, critically highlighting the major factors and requirements of getting there. Undoubtedly, the fashion and apparel industry is a dynamic one with new trends setting in throughout the year. In this regard, I have always had an undying love for fashion and new trends primarily because my father used to buy me new clothes every time a new fashion trend set in. Additionally, I come from a strong Islamic background hat necessitate the followers to put on certain distinctive kinds of clothing. Owing to these factors, I have always aspired to work in a textile industry particularly as a high-ranking manager in order to help make clothes accessible to the human race. This is especially so after having watched certain regions in the world through the television, where adults had barely any clothes to cover their bodies. Primarily, my dream career is to set up a clothing company and run it as the CEO in Saudi Arabia. Although I am still in high school, I can clearly visualize myself managing this big textile company than manufactures a wide array of clothing. Perhaps it would be desirable if I elaborate why I prefer setting the company in Saudi Arabia. Since Saudi is my home, I prefer to operate there as the proprietor and because I am well versed with the country’s laws especially laws pertaining to business, I strongly believe that I will not face any major challenges during the startup. Besides, I have many friends back in Saudi Arabia who are very competent as far as marketing of fashion products is concerned and in this respect, their input will give my business a head start. Before I embark into any business or profession for that matter, I have to ensure that I successfully pursue and complete my studies to the university level. As part of my ambitions, I aspire to graduate from Cape Breton University (CBU) with a Bachelor of Commerce degree that will be very

The Life and Teachings of Siddhartha Gautama Essay Example for Free

The Life and Teachings of Siddhartha Gautama Essay Buddhism is a way of life for Buddhists, based on the teachings of a man who had lived more than two and a half thousand years ago in northern India. He was born in the foothills of Lumbini, in what is now Nepal, in about 563BCE, and was called Siddhartha. His family was called Gautama, and his father (Shuddhodana) was the rular of the Shakya clan at that time. Everyone who followed Siddhartha called him the Buddha, which means the enlightened one. They believed that he had found the truth about life. Many stories about the life of the Buddha were passed on by word of mouth for about 600 years before anyone wrote them down. They were a constant reminder of the Buddha and all the things he did for other people. Siddharthas father felt very strongly about him taking over as rular. He therefore gave Siddhartha everything he wanted and every luxury he could have. He didnt tell his son about suffering and death because he didnt want to upset him. He was afraid that these things would stop him from becoming interested in religion. Because Siddhartha was a prince, he was taught the skills of archery, horsemanship, swordplay and martial arts. He was given the staff of beautiful young women to care for him and to look after him. When he was only nineteen, he married a beautiful princess named Yasodhara. Because she was a princess, she was allowed to choose her husband from the local princes. She chooses Siddhartha after a number of competitions, which included lots of things such as sports and the singing of love-songs! They then had a son whose name was Rahula. When Siddhartha decided to go out in his chariot, his father sent all his servants to go and get all the blind and sick people of the streets because he didnt want to upset his son, but Siddhartha saw four things that changed his life. He saw an old man, a sick man, a corpse and a Hindu holy man, or a Sadhu. After seeing the first three of these, Siddhartha knew that he had to grow old and die. He no longer wanted a life of luxury but wanted to be ordinary. He wanted to help these people overcome their suffering. He wanted to become more like a Sadhu, who gave up all his possessions and time to lead a spiritual life. He knew that this spiritual life was for him to live. Then, one night, he left his family at the palace. Channa, his charioteer, drove him out of his fathers city. He cut off all his hair, took off all his fine clothes and, wearing just a simple robe, he set out to a homeless life. He was 29 years old. For six years Siddhartha lived under strict discipline of the Hindu religion. In other words he lived as an ascetic. He had settled to live with five other holy men near the River Nairanjana. He had trained himself to fast for long periods of time and when he had done that he only ate a little, just enough for him to live on. Some people said that he nearly killed himself fasting like that. He grew so thin that you could see his backbone through his stomach. Then, one day, he decided that this fasting and discipline wasnt doing him any good. He was trying to find the truth about life and this discipline wasnt helping, so he gave it up. He went down to the river and bathed, and on the way back he met a milkmaid named Nandabala, and she offered him some rice pudding to eat. He accepted it. The other holy men thought that Siddhartha was giving up his fast and as a consequence, they then decided to desert him. Unfortunately, he had not done what he came to do. He still wanted to find the meaning and purpose of life and to understand how to overcome the suffering that there was. He went and sat at the bottom of a tree and vowed that he would not move until he had achieved this enlightenment. He sat under the tree all night, trying to deal with temptations. Then, he was said to have gained this enlightenment. The tree that he sat under is now called the Bodhi-tree because the word for enlightenment is Bodhi. He was thirty-five when he became enlightened. For the rest of his life, until he died at eighty, he had walked all over India. One of the main places where he taught was Varanasi, where he explained his teaching-which is now the basis of all Buddhist understanding and practice. He found the sanga- the order of monks and nuns who spent their lives spreading the teaching. Most people dont choose to be monks or nuns. They follow the Buddhas teaching, and apply it to work and family life. The sanga refers to all those who are monks or nuns. By the time the Buddha had died thousands of people in India had become his followers. During the next century his teaching spread throughout most of Asia. Today there are well over 500 million Buddhists living in countries such as India, Nepal, Thailand, Japan etc. There are many Buddhist centres in the west, Europe and the U.S.A. The Buddhists believe that everyone can achieve enlightenment. They hope to do so. Some say that we all have the Buddha nature within ourselves. Siddhartha is called the Buddha because he was the first to be enlightened in this way. The Buddhists respect the Buddha in many different ways. They respect him as a great and famous teacher, helping others to understand the truth and meaning of life, and to help them gain enlightenment like the Buddha.

The Imperative Programming Paradigm Philosophy Essay

The Imperative Programming Paradigm Philosophy Essay The imperative programming paradigm is the oldest and the most traditional one. It has grown from machine and assembler languages, whose main features reflect the John von Neumanns principle of computer architecture. An imperative program consists of explicit commands and calls of procedures to be consequently executed; they carry out operations on data and modify the value of program variables, as well as external environment. Within this paradigm variables are considered as containers for data similar to memory cells of computer memory. In the imperative paradigms we can think of a program as an active agent that manipulates passive objects. We encounter many passive objects in our daily life: a stone, a book, a lamp, and so on. A passive object cannot initiate an action by itself, but it can receive actions from active agents. A program in a procedural paradigm is an active agent that uses passive objects that we refer to as data or data items. To manipulate a piece of data, the active agent issues an action, referred to as a procedure. For example, think of a program that prints the contents of a file. The file is a passive object. To print the file, the program uses a procedure, which we call print. The concept of the imperative paradigm Imperative Paradigms is made up of three parts: a part for object creation, a set of procedure calls and a set of code for each procedure. Some procedures have already been defined in the language itself. By combining this code, the programmer can create new procedures. Characteristics: Discipline and idea Digital hardware technology and ideas of Von Neumann Incremental change of the program it state as a function of time. Execution of computational steps in an order governed by control structures We call the steps for command Straightforward abstractions of the way a traditional Von Neumann computer works Similar to descriptions of everyday routines, such as food recipes and car repairs Typical commands offered by imperative languages Assignment, IO, procedure calls The natural abstraction is the procedure Abstracts one or more actions to a procedure, which can be called as a single command. Procedural programming OBJECT-ORIENTED PARADIGM: Object-Oriented Paradigm, a program describes the structure and behaviour of so called objects and classes of objects. An object encapsulates passive data and active operations on these data: it has a storage fixing its state and a set of methods describing behaviour of the object. Classes compose an inheritance hierarchy including polymorphism of operation. Execution of an object-oriented program is regarded as exchange of message between objects, modifying states. Object-oriented paradigm deals with active objects instead of passive objects. We encounter many active objects in our daily life. The actions to be performed on these objects are included in the object: the objects need only to receive the appropriate stimulus from outside to perform one of the actions. A file in an object-oriented paradigm can be packed with all the procedures called methods in the object-oriented paradigm to be performed by the file: printing, copying, deleting and so on. The program in this paradigm just sends the corresponding request to the object. In object-oriented paradigm, objects of the same type (files, for example) need a set of methods that show how an object of this type reacts to stimuli from outside the objects territories. To create these methods, a unit called a class is used Characteristics: Discipline and idea The theory of concepts, and models of human interaction with real world phenomena Data as well as operations are encapsulated in objects Information hiding is used to protect internal properties of an object Objects interact by means of message passing A metaphor for applying an operation on an object In most object-oriented languages objects are grouped in classes Objects in classes are similar enough to allow programming of the classes, as opposed to programming of the individual objects Classes represent concepts whereas objects represents phenomena Classes are organized in inheritance hierarchies Provides for class extension or specialization Real-World Example using Imperative and Object-oriented Paradigms: Lets say that you are working for a vehicle parts manufacturer that needs to update its online inventory system. Your boss tells you to program two similar but separate forms for a website, one form that processes information about cars and one that does the same for trucks. For cars, we will need to record the following information: Colour, engine size, transmission type, number of doors For bus, the information will be similar, but slightly different, we need: Colour, engine size, transmission type, number of passengers In Imperative programming, you would write the code first to process the car form and then the code for the truck form, but In Object-Oriented programming, you would write a base class called vehicle that would record the common characteristics what we need from both trucks and cars. In this case, the vehicle class will record: Colour, engine size, transmission type Well make each one of those characteristics into a separate method. The colour method, for example, could take the colour of the vehicle as a parameter and do something with it, like storing it in a database. Next, we will create two more classes: truck and car, both of which will inherit all of the methods of the vehicle class and extend it with methods that are unique to them. The car class will have a method called numberofdoors and the truck class will have the methods numberofpassengers. As you seen from above example , employing an object-oriented programming style has significant advantages over Imperative programming, especially as your scale increases, doesnt mean that you should never use Imperative programming, if youre doing a mock-up or a proof-of-concept app, you might not have time to make everything object-oriented and so I think it might would be better to use Imperative programming for a prototypes, but it would be best to make the production product in an Object-Oriented manner. Conclusion: Object-Oriented programming is the brain-child of imperative programming and would not exist without its parent. On that note, we would not have the large-scale, highly modular, highly powerful programming abilities that we have today without the growth of imperative procedural programming into what is now object-oriented programming.

French Influence of Sir Gawain and The Green Knight :: Sir Gawain Green Knight Essays

French Influence of Sir Gawain and The Green Knight      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sir Gawain and the Green Knight utilizes the convention of the French-influenced romance. What sets this work apart from regular Arthurian or chivalric romances is the poet's departure from this convention.   The clearest departure takes place at the resolution of the piece as the hero, Sir Gawain, is stricken with shame and remorse rather than modest knightly pride, even after facing what appears to be certain death and returning to his king alive and well.   Although this manner of closure would leave much to be desired for an audience who is interested in reading a ridigly conventional romance, the coexistence of the romantic convention with the departure from it inspires questions concerning why the author would choose to work within such guidelines and what the significance is of breaching those guidelines.   By employing the chivalric convention in romantic literature and then going beyond it to reveal other ways of thinking, the writer challenges the very notion of chivalric conventions of the surrounding social climate.   He demonstrates throughout the work a need for balance.   As symbolied by the pentangle worn by Sir Gawain, representing the balanced points of chivalric virture, each being codependent of the other in order to remain a whole, the narrative could be considered as a      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What accompanies an appreciation for the seemingly sudden shift from the typical romance at the end of the piece is the raised awareness that the change does only seem to be sudden.   Careful exlporation of the plot, setting, and character descriptions illuminates several deviations from the established convention of the ideal society existing within the text.   The effect is then a type of balancing act-- blah blah blah      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The opening of the piece sets a fairly typical stage for an Anthurian romance, giving relevant historical and geographical information. King Arthur's court is going on as it is expected to be within the social constructs, merrily feasting and celebrating the Christmas holiday.   The entrance of the Green Knight into Arthur's court marks a significant event. He is a courtly figure from their recognizable world.   He appears as a knight ought to appear: tall, handsome, and fashionably dressed; however, the Green Knight's adherence to the conventions of the court is offset by

Narcotics Anonymous (NA) meeting Reaction Paper Essay

The Narcotics Anonymous meeting which I attended was named 7 Days of NA which was located on 1212 North Wolfe Street at an organization called Dee’s Place. Just as the Alcoholic Anonymous meeting previously attended, the location appeared to be in a covert and quiet place to hold a support group. We entered through the rear entrance, which seemed to be staged that way to secure participants identity. As before at the last support group I attended, I searched around the room to see again, a 12 steps guide posted on the wall, a relatively thick NA ‘Basic Text’ textbook on the desk of the facilitator and this time there were more participants in attendance. There were approximately 20 woman and men in attendance, predominantly African Americans and two Caucasian women, however a majority of the attendees were women. All of which we either their due to being court ordered or there for the regular daily attendance. Before I was able to sit in my chair I was approached by a group of women, who appeared to be regular attendees, who greeted me with hugs and welcomed me to the meeting. After attending the AA support group, I felt as though I already knew what to expect and how to effectively receive the stories of how some of the individuals overcame substance abuse addiction. The meeting began with the facilitator reciting the Serenity Prayer, then she asked if anyone was new to the meeting. Again I was nervous and uncertain how to respond so I looked around but did not stand up because I did not want to be acknowledged. They then made announcements, where I then witnessed three people receive key chains for being 1 week clean. Though to some being one week clean may not pose much significance, however to the individual who sustained their sobriety for that period of time, it was proven that it was an enormous step for the individual. To me I believe the use of the key chain is a great aspect in motivating the individual to continue making progress towards their goals.  I observed that when each person who had the floor recounted their stories of addiction, ever yone appeared to have much admiration for the person sharing their story. I observed that before sharing their story they started with an introductory statement saying â€Å"Hi, my name is Janet, and I am an addict† and much like AA after each individual recounted their stories they thanked the group for having them while the grouped responded â€Å"Thanks for sharing†. This group, like AA appeared as though they were a unified family. Everyone listened to what each other had to say with no interruptions, no biases, and all appeared to be in support of one another. After listening to several stories of individuals suffering from addiction of various illicit substances to include mainly heroin, crack-cocaine and benzodiazepines, I was in awe as to how early some individuals began abusing drugs. Some of the participants started using drugs as young as 12 years old while some have been abusing drugs for as long as 20 years. However many participants identified as being clean for several years to include one woman who was clean for 15 + years, wh ich made me reflect on how strong these individuals must be to overcome such a powerful disease such as addiction. I noticed that though they have been clean for so long, they still dedicate themselves to attend NA meetings to assist in maintaining their sobriety. According to Gossop, Steward and Marsden (2007), it has been proven that attendance in 12 step self help groups including AA and NA meetings shows increased abstinence, improved psychological health outcomes and improved substance use outcomes. Expressing their stories of addiction to the group, for myself may appear to be seemingly hard and embarrassing but with a group of such empathetic and supportive members, recanting their stories came with ease. Once again I was asked if I would like to share my story, however this time I was more prepared and quickly and respectfully declined the opportunity to share a story with the group. Many participants engaged the group with stories of overcoming addiction or being sexually molested by family members as reasons behind their addiction. However all of their stories were compelling and empowering to the group of individuals who have seemed to endure some of the same sentiments as their fellow group mate. It appeared as if the individuals in the group even though that were court ordered appeared to be extremely engaged and very involved during the meetings. It seemed as though most who attended found peace and solice from  the group during the NA meetings. As it stated by Krentzman, Robinson, Moore, et.al (2010), client’s state that their top two reasons for attending NA meetings were to promote recovery/ sobriety and to find support acceptance and friendships. One thing that I learned from the NA group that just as in AA, family support deems to be an important function on the perseverance of an addict and that the participation and involvement of family is detrimental in the treatment process for the addicts. In several of our readings many of the passages discussed the effects of family systems support as it pertains to substance abusers chemical addiction. The passages described the family system as being a detrimental part of the treatment process as well as for the trea tment of the family as well. According to past studies, family involvement has aided clients in sustaining abstinence from drugs/alcohol and studies also show that those individuals with extensive family involvement in therapy reported higher numbers of clients being abstinent after six months as well as a much better family relationship (Crnkovic & Delcampo, 1998). After listening to all the stories of both feelings of defeat and success, the environment felt so warm and opened. Everyone made each other feel like no matter how long someone has been addicted or whether someone has fallen victim to relapse, they were still a part of the family and they were there to aid that individual in getting through their demise. Everyone motivated and supported each other to succeed. At the close of the meeting, everyone stood in a circle while everyone embraced and recited the Serenity prayer again. I believe that NA is an extremely important aspect of the treatment and intervention process of addiction, because it allows the individual to open up to those who have similar issues and who can emphathize and relate to what that person may be going through because they have or are in the same predicament. Longitudinal studies has proven that having an affiliation with NA has a greater likelihood of sustaining abstinence, improved social functioning and self efficiacy (Humphreys, Wings, McCarty , et al., 2004). As it relates to social work, advocating for self help groups such as Narcotics Anonymous are detrimental to the treatment process of addiction. These groups provide, advocacy, support and education to their clients which are all essential in supporting addicts in their treatment recovery. Working with these individuals requires empathy, understanding and comprehension of the disease  model of addiction, to be an advocate for not only clients facing addiction, but for the surrounding urban communities which are consumed with the drug abuse epidemic daily. References Crnkovic, A., & DelCampo, R.L. (1998). A systems approach to the treatment of chemical addiction. Contemporary Family Therapy: An International Journal, 20(1), 25-36. Gossop, M., Stewart, D., & Marsden, J. (2008). Attendance at Narcotics Anonymous and Alcoholics Anonymous meetings, frequency of attendance and substance use outcomes after residential treatment for drug dependence: a 5†year follow†up study. Addiction, 103(1), 119-125. Humphreys, K., Wing, S., McCarty, D., Chappel, J., Gallant, L., Haberle, B., †¦ & Weiss, R. (2004). Self- help organizations for alcohol and drug problems: Toward evidence-based practice and policy. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 26(3), 151-158. Krentzman, A. R., Robinson, E. A., Moore, B. C., Kelly, J. F., Laudet, A. B., White, W. L., †¦ & Strobbe, S. (2011). How alcoholics anonymous (AA) and narcotics anonymous (NA) work: Cross- disciplinary perspectives. Alcoholism treatment quarterly, 29(1), 75-84.

Posttraumatic stress disorder

In your opinion, is the government doing enough regarding the diagnosis/treatment of mental illness and PTDS for our returning Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans. (2-3 pages) No, I don’t believe that the U. S. Government is serving the populace in the most diligently way possible. Today which is different from the service people of even my father’s era? In his day back in 1946 WWII had just ended. Though women were on the front lines as nurses they weren’t there as a moving part of the military, flying planes, driving tanks, on board of ships to bearing a weapon. Times are a changing! Poor grammar yes but that was the way that phrase goes. Now today also gays and Lesbians are allowed to be â€Å"Out and proud†! We were always there just now we have a voice and a Right to openly serve. We have always been in the military defending our neighbors. Now like the melting pot that holds all the different variations that can cause mental anguish that allows PTSD to rear its ugly head it seems the variations are un-limited. Now some emotions might be stirred by hatred within the units in the field wielded toward their fellow fighting commandants’. I’d not sure but I would imagine that during Korea and Vietnam women made up maybe only a slight population of the MASH (Mobile Ambulance Surgery Hospital)Bombs bursting around them as well as our poor wounded soldiers can be added to other outward disturbances that can cause PTSD in the Medical Corps. Women who were nurses, in the Civil War, â€Å"Clara Barton†, one of the well known historic nurses that changed for the better care of our battled heroes. Stress is a killer also a side effect of PTSD, suicide. There is a story of two sisters (twins) that both were aboard the sister ship of the Titanic called the Lusitania. The Lusitania was used as a hospital ship in WWI. It carried the wounded, the near death and in some cases the dead. Screams and the smell of the infections haunted one of the sisters to take her life by leaping to her watery death. Her sister’s courage weighed heavy upon the sister who lived till the end of the second trip home from France where the injured boarded. Upon arriving home she resigned and went about her life; unfortunately the sounds of the ship and the pain of her missing sister was I guess you might say the death of her. Her health fell into ruins and her days were marked, she never wed and died before she was 50. According to The US Department of Veterans Affairs (Affairs, 2009), PTSD is defined as â€Å"an anxiety disorder that can occur after you have been through a traumatic event. [ (Affairs, 2009) ]A traumatic event is something horrible or scary that you see or that happens to you. During this event, you think that your life or others' lives are in danger. [ (Affairs, 2009) ]You may feel afraid or feel you have no control over what is happening. [ (Affairs, 2009) ]PTSD from combat is not always acknowledged by the individual suffering from it because of embarrassment, fear of being medically discharged, lack of understanding about what is happening to them, and a variety of other reasons. [ (Affairs, 2009) ]As a person suffers through this disorder without having a proper medical diagnosis or understanding, their life may become very difficult to cope with. [ (Affairs, 2009) ] The exact rate of PTSD in women veterans is unknown. (Iowa, 2007)Studies conducted after the Gulf War concluded that female service members were more likely than their male counterparts to develop PTSD. Iowa, 2007)This is consistent with the 2 to 1 ratio of female to male PTSD sufferers in the general population. (Iowa, 2007) Women are seeking help due to both war trauma and victimization by their peers. (Iowa, 2007) Military sexual trauma is the term used by the VA to refer to a variety of sexual offenses ranging from verbal sexual harassment to assault and rape. (Iowa, 2007) The Veterans Health Care Act of 1992 authorized new and expanded services for women veterans including outreach and counseling services for sexual trauma incurred while serving on active duty. Iowa, 2007) Treatment of PTSD in women who have served in combat is in its infancy. (Iowa, 2007)A treatment intervention known as â€Å"Prolonged Exposure Therapy (PE)† is being used by the VA along with a cognitive approach. (Iowa, 2007)PE therapy gradually exposes the client to images of the threatening experience and has the client repeatedly recount his or her traumatic (Iowa, 2007)memories. Presently, 600 therapists are being trained in these approaches for treatment of female veterans with combat trauma. Iowa, 2007) Women’s Veterans Program Managers are now being placed at VA medical centers across the country. (Iowa, 2007)There are also programs for women who are homeless and those who are at risk of becoming homeless. (Iowa, 2007) I think that time will either be for our advantage as a country and a lesson learned allowing us to implement devices that will help our heroes as they make their journey inwardly and outwardly homeward bound. So they can sleep at night without worries of the war and the things that dominated days and nights while defending America. Posttraumatic stress disorder In your opinion, is the government doing enough regarding the diagnosis/treatment of mental illness and PTDS for our returning Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans. (2-3 pages) No, I don’t believe that the U. S. Government is serving the populace in the most diligently way possible. Today which is different from the service people of even my father’s era? In his day back in 1946 WWII had just ended. Though women were on the front lines as nurses they weren’t there as a moving part of the military, flying planes, driving tanks, on board of ships to bearing a weapon. Times are a changing! Poor grammar yes but that was the way that phrase goes. Now today also gays and Lesbians are allowed to be â€Å"Out and proud†! We were always there just now we have a voice and a Right to openly serve. We have always been in the military defending our neighbors. Now like the melting pot that holds all the different variations that can cause mental anguish that allows PTSD to rear its ugly head it seems the variations are un-limited. Now some emotions might be stirred by hatred within the units in the field wielded toward their fellow fighting commandants’. I’d not sure but I would imagine that during Korea and Vietnam women made up maybe only a slight population of the MASH (Mobile Ambulance Surgery Hospital)Bombs bursting around them as well as our poor wounded soldiers can be added to other outward disturbances that can cause PTSD in the Medical Corps. Women who were nurses, in the Civil War, â€Å"Clara Barton†, one of the well known historic nurses that changed for the better care of our battled heroes. Stress is a killer also a side effect of PTSD, suicide. There is a story of two sisters (twins) that both were aboard the sister ship of the Titanic called the Lusitania. The Lusitania was used as a hospital ship in WWI. It carried the wounded, the near death and in some cases the dead. Screams and the smell of the infections haunted one of the sisters to take her life by leaping to her watery death. Her sister’s courage weighed heavy upon the sister who lived till the end of the second trip home from France where the injured boarded. Upon arriving home she resigned and went about her life; unfortunately the sounds of the ship and the pain of her missing sister was I guess you might say the death of her. Her health fell into ruins and her days were marked, she never wed and died before she was 50. According to The US Department of Veterans Affairs (Affairs, 2009), PTSD is defined as â€Å"an anxiety disorder that can occur after you have been through a traumatic event. [ (Affairs, 2009) ]A traumatic event is something horrible or scary that you see or that happens to you. During this event, you think that your life or others' lives are in danger. [ (Affairs, 2009) ]You may feel afraid or feel you have no control over what is happening. [ (Affairs, 2009) ]PTSD from combat is not always acknowledged by the individual suffering from it because of embarrassment, fear of being medically discharged, lack of understanding about what is happening to them, and a variety of other reasons. [ (Affairs, 2009) ]As a person suffers through this disorder without having a proper medical diagnosis or understanding, their life may become very difficult to cope with. [ (Affairs, 2009) ] The exact rate of PTSD in women veterans is unknown. (Iowa, 2007)Studies conducted after the Gulf War concluded that female service members were more likely than their male counterparts to develop PTSD. Iowa, 2007)This is consistent with the 2 to 1 ratio of female to male PTSD sufferers in the general population. (Iowa, 2007) Women are seeking help due to both war trauma and victimization by their peers. (Iowa, 2007) Military sexual trauma is the term used by the VA to refer to a variety of sexual offenses ranging from verbal sexual harassment to assault and rape. (Iowa, 2007) The Veterans Health Care Act of 1992 authorized new and expanded services for women veterans including outreach and counseling services for sexual trauma incurred while serving on active duty. Iowa, 2007) Treatment of PTSD in women who have served in combat is in its infancy. (Iowa, 2007)A treatment intervention known as â€Å"Prolonged Exposure Therapy (PE)† is being used by the VA along with a cognitive approach. (Iowa, 2007)PE therapy gradually exposes the client to images of the threatening experience and has the client repeatedly recount his or her traumatic (Iowa, 2007)memories. Presently, 600 therapists are being trained in these approaches for treatment of female veterans with combat trauma. Iowa, 2007) Women’s Veterans Program Managers are now being placed at VA medical centers across the country. (Iowa, 2007)There are also programs for women who are homeless and those who are at risk of becoming homeless. (Iowa, 2007) I think that time will either be for our advantage as a country and a lesson learned allowing us to implement devices that will help our heroes as they make their journey inwardly and outwardly homeward bound. So they can sleep at night without worries of the war and the things that dominated days and nights while defending America.

Precise Software

1. In assessing the value of Precise SQL for the user firm one has to consider increase in DBA productivity. Assuming 52 weeks in a year, how many hours does a DBA save in a year because of Precise? 3 Points DBA Hours Saved per year52 * 9. 4488. 8 DBA Hourly Wage (assuming 40 hours to a week) 3 Points Unburdened DBA salary$60,000 Hours worked Per Year52 * 402080 Burdened DBA salary1. 33*$60,000$79,800 DBA Hourly Wage (unburdened)$60,000/2080$28. 84 DBA Hourly Wage (burdened)$79,800/2080$38. 36 Annual Saving for the customer firm Hours saved per DBA per week9. 4 Hours saved per DBA per year52 * 9. 4489Savings per DBA per year (unburdened)489*$28. 84$14,102 Savings per DBA per year (burdened)489*$38. 36$18,758 Average number of DBA's10 Annual savings for firm per year (unburdened)10*$14,102$141,020 Annual savings for firm per year (burdened)10*$18,758$187,580 2. Precise SQL also helps with respect to deferral of hardware replacement decision. Answer the following questions on hardware deferral What is the probability of postponing hardware purchase for a year? Hint (a year has 12 months or four 3-month periods). 3 Points Probability of postponed purchase (A) for 3 monthsP(A) = . 6 Probability of making purchase (B)P(A) = 1-P(A). Probability of not making a hardware purchase for 1 yearP(A)4. 1296 Hardware Cost Saving if postponed by a year 30% 1 Point What is the average annual hardware budget affected by Precise? $1,430,000 1 Point Based on the above three pieces of information, what is the dollar savings due to deferral of hardware purchase? Average annual hardware budget affected by Precise$1,430,000 Hardware Cost Saving if postponed by a year30% Probability of postponing by 3 months60% Savings for three months($1,430,000*. 3*. 6)/4$64,350 Dollar savings due to deferral of hardware purchase for one year($1,430,000*. )$429,000 5 Points 3. Precise SQL also enhances end-user productivity; please answer the following questions on end-user productivity (total 15 poi nts). Number of transactions per day: 194,000 Total time in seconds spent in these transactions in one day prior to precise? 2 Points Average daily transactions processed by all users combined194,000 Average end user response time per transaction15 Total time in seconds15*194,0002,910,000 Total time in seconds spent per user per day: 2 Points Total time in seconds to accomplish 194,000 transactions2,910,000 Number of simultaneous users215Number of transactions per user194,000/215902 Total time in seconds spent per user per day:902*1513530 Total time spent per user in hours over one day? 2 Points Total time in seconds spent per user per day:902*1513530 Total time spent per user in hours over one day13530/60*603. 76 Assuming an 8 hour day – % time spent 2 Points Total time spent per user in hours over one day13530/60*603. 76 % of time spent3. 76/8. 47 (47% of user time) Improvement in end-user response time per transaction: 25% Based on the above two pieces of information, % of time saving: Total time spent per user in hours over one day13530/60*603. 6 % of time spent3. 76/8. 47 (47% of user time) Improvement in end-user response time per transaction25% % of time saving:. 25*. 4711. 75% Using information on time saving from above, the salary information, and information on burden rate , what is the $ saving per user per year? Average end user salary$30,000 Burdened rate, average end user salary$30,000*1. 33$39,900 $ savings per user per year11. 75%*$39,900$4,688 Using the above number, what is the saving for the firm (in dollars)? $ savings per user per year11. 75%*$39,900$4,688 Number of users215 Total user savings for the firm215*$4688$1,007,920 . Cost of selling a Single Unit of SQL (for 1999) : Revenues (Software License): $9,770,000 Assuming $20,000 price per unit, number of units sold: 2 Points $9,770,000/$20,000 = 489 (approx) Assuming Sales and Marketing expenses capture all sales related expenses, cost of a single sale: $7,913,000/489 = $16,183 3 Points ? 5. Total Value of Precise SQL The value of Precise SQL to an end-user firm has three components that you have calculated thus far. Taking these three components together what is the value of Precise SQL for a customer firm with one copy of the SQL? 3 PointsAnnual savings for firm per year (burdened)10*$18,758$187,580 Annual hardware deferral savings(1,430,000*. 3)$429,000 Total User Savings215*$4688$1,007,920 TOTAL$1,624,500 With a customer investment of $20K, what is the return on investment? Cost per license$20,000 Cost per firm (assuming 10 DBA's per firm and each DBA requires a license)($20,000*10)$200,000 Discount (assume 25% discount as per page 8 of case)($200,000*. 75)$150,000 ROI (12 MONTHS)($1,624,500-$150,000)/$150,000983% With your ROI calculation is Precise able to capture (appropriate) the value it creates for its customer? Why or why not?Given the scenario that led to an ROI calculation of close to 1000%, the product is priced too low. Precise needs to focus on communicating the value generated by usage of their software to potential customers in an effort to support increasing the price of their product to more accurately reflect its overall value to the end user.? 6. In terms of sales force for Insight, Precise has two choices, what are these choices and what are the two main advantagesdisadvantages of using each option. Precise currently has a single sales team trained to sell all of the company's products (other than Presto) through a dual channel distribution system.Each rep is paid a base salary of $75,000 plus a commission depending on how many licenses they sold. The average rep made sales of up to $800,000 annually and thus earned $120,000. The highest paid rep about $300,000. Options: a)Keep the same sales force Advantages – Able to continue to cultivate existing business relationships with IT managers and DBA's. Since the sales cycle of software, especially of higher priced suites, could take up to 12 months, these re lationships could prove beneficial for a new product launch.Their overall knowledge of Precise products and services is also an advantage, allowing the sales rep to leverage the full specter of Precise product offerings to a potential client. Disadvantages – The current sales team is perhaps not the best. Their annual sales and salaries are below average for commercial software sales forces. It may not be the wisest decision to leave the sales of your newest product in the hands of an underperforming team. Additionally, the current sales force is already heavily tasked, as Alon stated â€Å"They're running in ten directions at once. Adding to what appears to be an already overloaded sales team would not be the optimum way to introduce a new value and feature laden product to the market. b)Create a more specialized sales force Advantages – Precise would be able to recruit top sales people and begin product introduction with a high performing, laser focused team. This t eam would not have existing relationships with current Precise customers which could be an advantage in dealing with the echelon of Company executives required to authorize a software purchase of this magnitude.Disadvantages – Loss of the personal relationships with current customer DBA's may crimp product sales. Additionally, augmenting the existing sales force adds to the overall operating expenses of Precise and would add to their current string of operating losses. ? 7. One option to introduce Precise Insight at the Oracle OpenWorld 2000. Such an introduction could result in first mover advantage. What are the factors that likely influence the possibility of first mover advantage in this case. How would these factors impact first mover advantage in this case? 0 Points Precise conducted a survey of its customers and quickly found that â€Å"end-to-end response time† was the preferred indicator of overall system capacity and health. High dollar investments in enterpr ise applications like ERP, CRM or supply chain management left those who championed for their introduction into a Company eager to demonstrate the effectiveness of their respective choices. An end-to-end software application would help these internal champions by assuring optimizations throughout the user base.As companies continued to expand their global presence, many locations were separated geographically, at times by thousands of miles. Insight offered a solution to make high data intensive applications run more smoothly and efficiently. The need for senior executives to ensure these high dollar investments authorized by they themselves were successful was itself an undiscovered and underserved market. Meeting the needs of some top decision makers, more importantly, those with the ability to authorize large Company investments would add to the first mover advantage. Precise Software 1. In assessing the value of Precise SQL for the user firm one has to consider increase in DBA productivity. Assuming 52 weeks in a year, how many hours does a DBA save in a year because of Precise? 3 Points DBA Hours Saved per year52 * 9. 4488. 8 DBA Hourly Wage (assuming 40 hours to a week) 3 Points Unburdened DBA salary$60,000 Hours worked Per Year52 * 402080 Burdened DBA salary1. 33*$60,000$79,800 DBA Hourly Wage (unburdened)$60,000/2080$28. 84 DBA Hourly Wage (burdened)$79,800/2080$38. 36 Annual Saving for the customer firm Hours saved per DBA per week9. 4 Hours saved per DBA per year52 * 9. 4489Savings per DBA per year (unburdened)489*$28. 84$14,102 Savings per DBA per year (burdened)489*$38. 36$18,758 Average number of DBA's10 Annual savings for firm per year (unburdened)10*$14,102$141,020 Annual savings for firm per year (burdened)10*$18,758$187,580 2. Precise SQL also helps with respect to deferral of hardware replacement decision. Answer the following questions on hardware deferral What is the probability of postponing hardware purchase for a year? Hint (a year has 12 months or four 3-month periods). 3 Points Probability of postponed purchase (A) for 3 monthsP(A) = . 6 Probability of making purchase (B)P(A) = 1-P(A). Probability of not making a hardware purchase for 1 yearP(A)4. 1296 Hardware Cost Saving if postponed by a year 30% 1 Point What is the average annual hardware budget affected by Precise? $1,430,000 1 Point Based on the above three pieces of information, what is the dollar savings due to deferral of hardware purchase? Average annual hardware budget affected by Precise$1,430,000 Hardware Cost Saving if postponed by a year30% Probability of postponing by 3 months60% Savings for three months($1,430,000*. 3*. 6)/4$64,350 Dollar savings due to deferral of hardware purchase for one year($1,430,000*. )$429,000 5 Points 3. Precise SQL also enhances end-user productivity; please answer the following questions on end-user productivity (total 15 poi nts). Number of transactions per day: 194,000 Total time in seconds spent in these transactions in one day prior to precise? 2 Points Average daily transactions processed by all users combined194,000 Average end user response time per transaction15 Total time in seconds15*194,0002,910,000 Total time in seconds spent per user per day: 2 Points Total time in seconds to accomplish 194,000 transactions2,910,000 Number of simultaneous users215Number of transactions per user194,000/215902 Total time in seconds spent per user per day:902*1513530 Total time spent per user in hours over one day? 2 Points Total time in seconds spent per user per day:902*1513530 Total time spent per user in hours over one day13530/60*603. 76 Assuming an 8 hour day – % time spent 2 Points Total time spent per user in hours over one day13530/60*603. 76 % of time spent3. 76/8. 47 (47% of user time) Improvement in end-user response time per transaction: 25% Based on the above two pieces of information, % of time saving: Total time spent per user in hours over one day13530/60*603. 6 % of time spent3. 76/8. 47 (47% of user time) Improvement in end-user response time per transaction25% % of time saving:. 25*. 4711. 75% Using information on time saving from above, the salary information, and information on burden rate , what is the $ saving per user per year? Average end user salary$30,000 Burdened rate, average end user salary$30,000*1. 33$39,900 $ savings per user per year11. 75%*$39,900$4,688 Using the above number, what is the saving for the firm (in dollars)? $ savings per user per year11. 75%*$39,900$4,688 Number of users215 Total user savings for the firm215*$4688$1,007,920 . Cost of selling a Single Unit of SQL (for 1999) : Revenues (Software License): $9,770,000 Assuming $20,000 price per unit, number of units sold: 2 Points $9,770,000/$20,000 = 489 (approx) Assuming Sales and Marketing expenses capture all sales related expenses, cost of a single sale: $7,913,000/489 = $16,183 3 Points ? 5. Total Value of Precise SQL The value of Precise SQL to an end-user firm has three components that you have calculated thus far. Taking these three components together what is the value of Precise SQL for a customer firm with one copy of the SQL? 3 PointsAnnual savings for firm per year (burdened)10*$18,758$187,580 Annual hardware deferral savings(1,430,000*. 3)$429,000 Total User Savings215*$4688$1,007,920 TOTAL$1,624,500 With a customer investment of $20K, what is the return on investment? Cost per license$20,000 Cost per firm (assuming 10 DBA's per firm and each DBA requires a license)($20,000*10)$200,000 Discount (assume 25% discount as per page 8 of case)($200,000*. 75)$150,000 ROI (12 MONTHS)($1,624,500-$150,000)/$150,000983% With your ROI calculation is Precise able to capture (appropriate) the value it creates for its customer? Why or why not?Given the scenario that led to an ROI calculation of close to 1000%, the product is priced too low. Precise needs to focus on communicating the value generated by usage of their software to potential customers in an effort to support increasing the price of their product to more accurately reflect its overall value to the end user.? 6. In terms of sales force for Insight, Precise has two choices, what are these choices and what are the two main advantagesdisadvantages of using each option. Precise currently has a single sales team trained to sell all of the company's products (other than Presto) through a dual channel distribution system.Each rep is paid a base salary of $75,000 plus a commission depending on how many licenses they sold. The average rep made sales of up to $800,000 annually and thus earned $120,000. The highest paid rep about $300,000. Options: a)Keep the same sales force Advantages – Able to continue to cultivate existing business relationships with IT managers and DBA's. Since the sales cycle of software, especially of higher priced suites, could take up to 12 months, these re lationships could prove beneficial for a new product launch.Their overall knowledge of Precise products and services is also an advantage, allowing the sales rep to leverage the full specter of Precise product offerings to a potential client. Disadvantages – The current sales team is perhaps not the best. Their annual sales and salaries are below average for commercial software sales forces. It may not be the wisest decision to leave the sales of your newest product in the hands of an underperforming team. Additionally, the current sales force is already heavily tasked, as Alon stated â€Å"They're running in ten directions at once. Adding to what appears to be an already overloaded sales team would not be the optimum way to introduce a new value and feature laden product to the market. b)Create a more specialized sales force Advantages – Precise would be able to recruit top sales people and begin product introduction with a high performing, laser focused team. This t eam would not have existing relationships with current Precise customers which could be an advantage in dealing with the echelon of Company executives required to authorize a software purchase of this magnitude.Disadvantages – Loss of the personal relationships with current customer DBA's may crimp product sales. Additionally, augmenting the existing sales force adds to the overall operating expenses of Precise and would add to their current string of operating losses. ? 7. One option to introduce Precise Insight at the Oracle OpenWorld 2000. Such an introduction could result in first mover advantage. What are the factors that likely influence the possibility of first mover advantage in this case. How would these factors impact first mover advantage in this case? 0 Points Precise conducted a survey of its customers and quickly found that â€Å"end-to-end response time† was the preferred indicator of overall system capacity and health. High dollar investments in enterpr ise applications like ERP, CRM or supply chain management left those who championed for their introduction into a Company eager to demonstrate the effectiveness of their respective choices. An end-to-end software application would help these internal champions by assuring optimizations throughout the user base.As companies continued to expand their global presence, many locations were separated geographically, at times by thousands of miles. Insight offered a solution to make high data intensive applications run more smoothly and efficiently. The need for senior executives to ensure these high dollar investments authorized by they themselves were successful was itself an undiscovered and underserved market. Meeting the needs of some top decision makers, more importantly, those with the ability to authorize large Company investments would add to the first mover advantage.